IT"

THE NlIvV YORK

PUBLIC LIlillARY

378103

ASTOR. ffc-OX A*!0

R 1907

I

X AND

L-l

COPTKXGHT 1907 BY

A. S. BARNES A COMPANY

Axil RXOBTS BBSaBVBD

FOREWORD

Esperanto, the universal language invented by Doctor Zamenhoff, is here to stay. Numerous languages have been worked out at various times with the hope of making them serve as means of communication among the civilized nations. Each failed because of its diflSculty.

Esperanto is based upon the common elements of the English, French, Spanish, and Italian languages. It is so simple that when properly explained it can be mastered by any one of normal intelligence in a few weeks.

The language has gone over Europe, Australia, portions of the Orient, and it is spreading like wildfire over our own country. It is said that with a speaking knowledge of Esperanto a person can travel all over the European Continent and be understood everywhere. Nearly a hundred papers are published in the language. Daily papers in every section of the United States have given lessons and extracts in it. Several weeklies have followed suit, and one of the most prominent monthly magazines recently devoted a series of articles to the

m

subject. The Esperanto clubs are increasing in number every day.

A difficulty that has heretofore been felt by English-speaking people has been the want of a suitable text-book. The treatises on Esperanto have been based upon the idea that the student was familiar with one or more modem languages in addition to his own. It is the purpose of this little book to give the student but one or two points at a time, making these perfectly clear before another is taken up. Each lesson is illustrated by simple practice exercises. There are numerous extracts for translation from Esperanto to English. In most cases the English form follows the Esperanto, to allow of careful comparison.

It is prophesied, and with good reason, that ere many years have passed all books of fiction, scientific works, and others that are likely to be of international interest will be published in two languages, the language in which they are written and Esperanto. The mastery of Doctor Zamenhoflf's language will, therefore, be the magic key that will unlock the wisdom of the civilized world. It has the endorsement of coU^e professors all over this country and Europe. It is easily mastered, and is delightfully simple.

The vocabulary includes all words used in the book; with the exception of a few unusual combinations given in "The Raven" and other selections, which are intended for comparison of the Esperanto with the English, rather than for translation.

LESSON I.

Pronunciation.

There are twenty-eight letters in the Esperanto alphabet. They are:

A F J O U

B G i P U

Q Q K R V

C H L S Z

DBMS 5 I N T

The letters are pronounced as in English, with the following exceptions:

A is pronounced as a in father.

^ is pronounced as a in tame.

I is pronounced as e in keep.

O is pronounced as o in no.

U is pronounced as u in rule.

C is pronounced as ts in hats.

C is pronounced as ch in chat.

G is pronounced as g in go.

G is pronounced as g in gentle.

H is pronounced as ch in loch.

J is pronounced as y in yet.

J is pronounced as z in azure. S is pronounced as s in satin S is pronounced as sh in show. Au is pronounced as ow in now Aj is pronounced as i in high. Oj is pronounced as owi in rowing. Eu is pronounced as if spelled ayoo. Ej is pronounced as ayi in playing. ITj is pronounced as ui in bruin.

There are no silent letters in Esperanto. Every word is read as it is written, and is written as it is read.

Every word is accented on the last«syllable^but one. As:

Berlin-o (Berlin).

Edinburg-o (Edinburgh)

Lisabon-o (Lisbon).

Madrid'O (Madrid).

Mosk-vo (Moscow).

Neapol'O (Naples).

NovrJorh-o (New York).

Odes-o (Odessa).

Pariz-o (Paris).

Rom-^ (Rome).

Sank'ta Peterburg-o (St Petersburg).

Vien-o (Vienna).

PRONUNCIATION %

Pronounce:

Fanoy patro, knaho^ tabloy papero^ bUmka, amamia.

Teo, hremoy bezoni, freSa, prezenti, kredi, veapero.

Pri, filo, kiu, trinki, via, fiUri, skribi.

Kordoy montOy donacOy ionibo, produkti, voku okupi,

Hundoy pluvOy sukeroy fumi, vtUay puniy vzi.

CigarOy cindrOy ciferOy celiy cikonioy cirkonstancoy ctvUazacio.

CapOy ca/pdoy cevaloy cikaniy cokoladoy carpentiy carma.

Oadoy gaionOy galopiy Oermanay glcunoy gimnastikay gramatiko.

OenercUay giy gustay guiy gardenoy germoy gibo.

JakOy jarriy pmgiy JvliOy jey Japatuiy juvdo, jumaloy jongliy jatuzay jetty juSy javdo,

Serciy aimpiay skatoloy aentimenUday sorHy sub, 3uficay Serciy sty Siddiy Sveliy iaumOy Sd/ngiy muro.

AugustOy cirkauy avditorioy autanoy auy atiskuUi, audi.

Ajloy amarUajy kajy malmvUajy Sparintajy legantaj, sukcesontaj.

Paperojuy librojuy provincarudy fihjy regidojy sd-datoj.

Europa, Eukariito, kuirejo, hmeji, ujo, jummjo, sukerujo.

\.-

LESSON n.

Noun and Adjectivs.

THE NOUN.

The noun, in the singular, always ends in o. As, panoy bread; floro, flower; btdero, butter; arbo, tree.

THE ADJECnVE.

All adjectives end in a in the singular. As, granda, large; bona, good; vamuif warm; nova, new.

The definite article, la (the) is used as in English.

There is no indefinite article. As: A tree is laige. Arbo estas granda,

VOCABUULRT.

Pano, bread.

BvterOy butter.

Salo^ salt.

Forkoy fork. ■ ^;. >

ilJfc^^o, water. W<%^<* / *

Floro, flower.

Arbo, tree.

Violo, pansy.

Blanka, white.

Flava, yellow.

Oranday laige. Bona, good. Varmay wann. VertjUiy green.

Miy I.

Lay the. EstaSy is, are.

Read and translate into English: Butero estas bona. Pano estas bona. La arbo estas granda. La floro estas flava. La pano estas varma. Pano varma estas bona. Salo esta blanka. La arbo estas verda. La floro estas violo. Butero estas flaya* Ak!p6 estas bona. La granda floro estas blanka.. Write in Esperanto:

The large tree is green. The flower is yellow and {kajD white. The pansy is yellow. The bread is warm and good. The yellow butter is good. Salt is white.

The fork is white.

The large tree is green and yellow.

The yellow pansy is large.

Salt and pepper are good.

The flowers are yellow.

The tree is large.

FOR CONVEBSATION.

Kia estas la veterof How is the weather? Kian tempon de jaro vi preferas? What time the year do you prefer? Mi ne seias. I do not know.

LESSON m.

Plurai^.

The plural of any noun is formed by adding f to the singular. As, ForkOy fork; forkojy forks. Flaro^ flower; fx/ro], flowers. (Remember that pyroj is pronounced as if spelled floroy.)

THE OBJECTIVE CASE.

The objective case, which' is sometimes called the accusative case, is formed by adding n to the nominative. As, Mi havas libron; I have a book. Mi havas librojn; I have books.

The adjective agrees in case with the noun to which it refers. To form tiie objective case, there-fore, n is added to the nominative, whether singular or plural. As, Mi havas grandan arbon; I have a large tree. Mi hava^ grandajn arbojn; I have lai^e trees.

The adjective may be placed either before or after the noun it qualifies. As, Mi havas bonan amikofip or Mi havas amikon bonan; I have a good friend.

VOCABULARY.

Pairo, father.

Fraio, brother.

KnabOy boy. FUoy son. Hundoy dog. Amihoy friend. KampOy field. MoniOy mountauL CenOy chain. StratOy street. Vastay wide. Similay like. SUentay silent. Platay flat. MoUiy soft. Junay young. iSe(f, but. ii, he.

Xi hav9LSy he has. Xt e^o^, he is.

EXERCISE.

Write the plural of the following: Floroy c forkOy patroy fratOy knaboy hundOy amiko, fUo, strai

Write the following in the plural, objective c McmtOy arbOy stratOy flo^ florOy arboy forko, p. hundo, frato. ^ Read and translate into English:

Patro, patroj, frato, fratoj, knabo, kna hundo, hundoj, amiko, amikoj.

La patro hayas fraton.

La patro havas frat|)ojn.

Mi haras grandajn hundojn.

La hundo estas granda.

Mi havas bonan fraton.

Li havas bonan fraton.

La juna hundo havas grandan cenon.

Li havas molajn, platajn kampojn.

Mi havas junan hundon.

Write in Esperanto:

I have the flowers.

He has a fork.

The boy has a dog.

The brothers have good friends.

I have flowers, but he has a tree.

I have friends.

Father has young sons.

He has yellow and white pansies.

I have salt, pepper, bread, and butter.

The good friends have large, white flowers.

FOR CONVERSATION.

Bonan tagon, sinjoro. Good day, sir.

Kiel vi sanas? How are you ? (How do you do ?)

Tre boncy mi dankas vin. Very well, I thank you.

LESSON IV.

Pronouns.

The personal pronouns are Mi, I; Fi, thou, you; Li, he; Si, she; Gi, it; Ni, we; Hi, they.

Oni is an indefinite pronoun, meaning they, we, people, it. As, Oni diras, they say.

iSt is a reflexive pronoun of the third person.

The personal pronouns form the objective case by adding nto the nominative. As, Mm, me; vin, thee; lin, him; sin, her; gin, it; nin, us; ilin, them.

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS.

The possessive pronouns are formed by adding a to the personal pronouns. As, Mia, my or mine, via, your or yours; lia, his; sia, her or hers; 'gia^ its; nia» our or ours; iZia, their or theirs.

As, Mia patro estas en la kampo. My father is in the field.

The possessives are sometimes followed by the article la. As, Mia hundo estas pli granda ol la via. My dog is larger than yours.

The possessive pronouns form the objective case

by the addition of n to the nominative. As, Mi

vidis mian fraion; I saw my brother.

Like nouns, the possessives form the plural by adding ; to the singular. As, Mi amas miajn gepatrojn I love my parents.

VOCABULARY.

Mil.

Ft, thou.

Sif she.

Gi, it.

Nit we.

Hi, they.

Mia, my or mine.

Via, thy, thine, your or yours.

Lia, his. *\

Sia, her or hers. Gia, its.

Nia, our or ours. Ilia, their or theirs. Teo, tea. Kafo, coflfee. Lakto, milk. Ovo, egg. Sukero, sugar. Supo, soup. Terpomo, potato. Fiso, fish. FtTiagrro, vin^ar. TofrZo. table.

Vt LESSONS IN ESPERANT0

En, in. Svby under. Kiam, when. Kaj, and. Ncy not.

AmaSy love or loves. Read, and translate into English: Mi amas mian fraton. Ni amas niajn fratojn. Patro estas^ Madrido. La hundo estas sub la tablo. Ni havas rican kafon.

Ni havas grandajn florojn en la tablo hodiau. Si vidas (sees) grandan hundon sub la tablo. Hi havas panon kaj buteron. La hundoj^ estas bona], sed la knaboj estas bonaj. Mi havas bonan amikon. Li havas bonajn anukojn. Si havas fratrojn kaj filojn. Write the case, number, and meaning in Engli Mia, mian, miaj, miaju. Viajn, viaj, via, vian. Lian, liajn, liaj, lia. Sia, siajn, sian, siaj. Giaj, gian, gia, giajn. Niajn, nia, niaj, nian.

Ilia, iliaj, ilian, iliajn.

Translate into Esperanto:

The dog is under the table.

He has good coflFee, milk, and eggs.

When the coflFee is not good, I have tea

They have large trees.

The bread is not good.

She is good and rich.

FOR CONVERSATION.

Pasigu al mi la hutero^ mi petas. Pass me the butter, if you please.

Fermu la fenestro. Close the window. Kien vi iraa. Where are you going?

LESSON V.

The Verb.

There is no irregular verb in Esperanto.

The ending for the infinitive is i, as ham, to have; amij to love; esti, to be.

The ending for the present tense is as. As, Mi havasy I have.

The ending for the past tense is is. As, Mi havis^ I had.

The ending for the future tense is os. As, Mi havoSy I shall have.

The ending for the conditional mood is its. As, Mi havtis, I should or would have.

The ending for the imperative mood is m. As, JEfaim, have; Zi ^tm, let him have.

The personal pronouns are always written or spoken before the verb.

The verb esti is the only auxiliary.

CONJUGATION.

Indicative Present:

Mi amas, I love.

Vi amas, you love (or thou lovest).

Li cmas, he loves.

Ni amas, we love. Vi amaSt you love. Hi amas, they love.

Indicative Past:

Mi amis, I loved. Vi amis^ you loved. Li amisy he loved. Ni amis, we loved. Vi amiSy you loved. Hi amiSf they loved.

Future:

Mi amosy I shall love. Vi amoSy you will love, Li amoSy he will love. Ni amosy we shall love. Vi amoSy you will love. Hi amoSy they will love.

VOCABTTLABT.

EHip to |be. Amiy to love. Poviy to be able. Fariy to do, to make Admiriy to admire. Koniy to know. Receviy to receive. Respond^ to answer.

Dankiy to thank. Trinkif to drink. Acetiy to buy. Frapiy to knock. Voliy to wish. Haviy to have. Dcmiy to give. Legiy to read. Finiy to finish. Ludiy to play. Serci, to seek. Regardiy to look at.

Read and translate into English:

Mi trinkas; mi trinkis; mi trinkos.

Vi estas; vi estis; vi estos.

Li acetas; li aeetis; li acetos.

Niamas; niamis; niamos.

Hi respondas; ili respondis; ili respondos.

Si konas; si konis; si konos.

Vi frapas; vi frapis; vi frapos.

Mi ludas; mi ludis; mi ludos.

Ni sercas; ni sercis; ni sercos.

Hi regardas; ili regardis; ili regardos.

Translate into Esperanto:

I am, I was, I shall be.

You know, you knew, you will know.

He receives, he received, he will receive. We play, we played, we will play. They wished, they wish, they will wish. He knocked, he knocks, he will knock. We drink, we will drink, we drank. I had, I shall have, I have. You will buy, you bought, you buy. You will wish, you wish, you wished.

FOB CONVERSATION.

Hi venis la mardon prolcsiman. They came last Tuesday. i

Antau ok taqgj, A week ago. Post ok taqoi. ^^ ^ week.

LESSON VI.

The Verb.

(OO WTm U ED ) PERFECT TENSES.

The perfect tenajes are formed by using the past participle with the verb edi as an auxiliary. As»

Mi estas aminta. I have loved. Mi estis aminta. I had loved. Mi estos aminta. I shall have loved.

Perfect:

Mi esta^ aminta. I have loved.

Vi eHas aminta. You have loved.

Li esta^ aminta. He has loved.

Ni eHas aminta. We have loved.

Vi estas aminta. You have loved.

Ili estaa aminta. They have loved.

Past Perfect:

Mi estia aminta. I had loved.

Vi estis aminta. You had loved.

Li estis aminta. He had loved.

Ni estis aminta. We had loved.

Vi estis aminta. You had loved.

//{ estis aminta. They had loved.

Future Perfect:

Mi estos aminta. I shall have loved.

Vi estos aminta. You will have loved.

Li estos aminta. He will have loved.

Ni estos aminta. We shall have loved.

Vi estos aminta. You will have loved.

Hi estos aminta. They will ha'^ loved.

THE PARTICIPLE.

The present participle of the verb ends in anta (corresponding to the English ing). As» AmmUa, loving; konantay knowing.

The past participle ends in inta (corresponding to the English ed). As, Aminta, loved, having loved; Aminto, having given.

The ending onta, denotes the future participle. As, Mi esta^ dononta. I am about to give.

The present participle in the passive voice ends in ata. As, Am^a, loved; donata, given.

The passive past participle ends in ita. As, Amita, been loved; donita, been given.

The future passive participle ends in ota. As, Amataf about to be loved; donota, about to be given.

^ THE PASSIVE VOICE.

The passive voice is formed by adding the parts of esti to the passive participles.

LESSON VI.

The Verb.

(OO WTU iU ED ) PERFECT TENSES.

The perfect tenses are formed by using the past participle with the verb esti as an auxiliary. As»

Mi estas aminta. I have loved. Mi estis aminta. I had loved. Mi estos aminta. I shall have loved.

Perfect:

Mi estos aminta. I have loved.

Vi estos aminta. You have loved.

Li estos aminta. He has loved.

Ni estos aminta. We have loved.

Vi estos aminta. You have loved.

Ili estos aminta. They have loved.

Past Perfect:

Mi estis aminta. I had loved.

Vi estis aminta. You had loved.

Li estis aminta. He had loved.

Ni estis aminta. We had loved.

Vi estis aminta. You had loved.

//{ esUs aminta. They had loved.

Future Perfect:

Mi estos aminta. I shall have loved.

Vi estoa aminia. You will have loved.

Li estos aminta. He will have loved.

Ni estos aminta. We shall have loved.

Vi estos aminta. You will have loved.

Hi estos aminta. They will ha^ loved.

THE PARTICIPLE.

The present participle of the verb ends in anta (corresponding to the English ing). As» AmarUaf loving; konantay knowing.

The past participle ends in inta (corresponding to the English ed). As, Aminta, loved, having loved; donintay having given.

The ending ontay denotes the future participle. As, Mi estos dononta, I am about to give.

The present participle in the passive voice ends in ata. As, ATnatay loved; donata, given.

The passive past participle ends in ita. As, Amitay been loved; donitay been given.

The future passive participle ends in ota. As, Amoia, about to be loved; donotay about to be given.

"* THE PASSIVE VOICE.

The passive voice is formed by adding the parts of esti to the passive participles.

Mi estds amata, I am (being) loved.

Mi estas amita. I have been loved.

Mi estas amota. I am about to be loved.

Mi estis amata. I was loved.

Mi estis amita, I had been loved.

Mi estis amota. I T^as about to be loved.

Mi estos amata. I shall be loved.

Mi estos amita. I shall have been loved.

Mi estos amota. I shall be about to be loved.

VOCABULARY.

Lundoy Monday. Mardoy Tuesday. Merkredo, Wednesday. Javdo, Thursday. Vendredo, Friday. SabatOy Saturday. DimancOy Sunday. JarOy year. MoTudo, month. Semajnoy week. Tagoy day. HoTOy hour. MinutOy minute. Sekundoy second. Hodiauy to-day. Morgauy to-morrow. MaienOy morning.

Vespero, evening. NoktOy night.

Read and translate into English:

liestosdoninta; liestisdoninta; li estos doninta. Yi estas aminta; vi estis aminta; vi estos aminta. Mi estas recevinta; mi estis recevinta; mi estos recevinta.

Mi estas amata. Mi estis amata. Mi estos amata. Vi estas amita.

Yi estis amata.

«\

Si estas amota.

«\

Si estis amita. Si estos amita. Ni estas donata. Ni estas donita. Ni estas amota. Hi estas amota. Hi estis donita. Hi estos donota.

Translate into Esperanto:

He has knocked, he had knocked, he will have knocked.

They have read, they had read, they will have read. You have done, you had done, you will have done.

«« LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

We have sought, we had sought, we will have sought.

I have loved, I had loved, I shall have loved.

I love, I am loved.

You loved, you were loved.

He will love, he will be loved.

We have loved, we have been loved.

They had loved, they had been loved.

I am about to be admired.

You were about to be loved.

They will be about to be loved.

Here is the little poem, by Christina Rossetti» "The Wind," in English and in Esperanto:

Who has seen the wind ?

Neither I nor you; But when the trees hang trembling

The wind is passing through.

Who has seen the wind ?

Neither you nor I; But when the trees bow down their heads^

The wind is passing by.

LA VENTO.

Kin estas vidinta la venton ?

Nek mi, nek vi; Sed kiam la folioj pendas tremanta»

La vento trepasas.

THE VERB CONTINUED «8

Kiel estas vidinta la venton ?

Nek id, nek mi; Sed kiam la arboj salutas iliajn ki^iojn

La vento trepasas.

LESSON vn.

Prepositions.

Prepositions in Esperanto govern the nomin case, not the objective, as in English. As, Li i al la pordo^ He ran to the door. La hundo esta. la tahlo. The dog is under the table. Preposi precede the words they govern.

The common prepositions are: . Apud, near.

Dum^ during.

En, in. -^ Preter, beside, alongside.

Sen, without.

8vb, under, beneath.

^ DCy of.

^ KorUraUy against.

^^0 \ySy at.

. Inter^ between, among.

Gw, up to, until.

^. Krom^ except, without.

Kvaaau, as if.

'— Mcdgrau^ in spite of.

- Posty after, behind. LaUy according to.

^ 'Anstatau^ instead of.' ArdaUt before^ in front of.

- Ardaw^ o/, before (time). CirkaUy about, around.

^ Kurii with, in company with.

- Per, by means of.

^ Poy by (with numbers), at the rate of.

SupeTy over, above.

SuTi on, upon (resting on).

Pro, on account of, for the sake of.

-4/,.to, towards (direction). .., Da, of (after words of number, weight, etc.).

EksteVy outside, besides. " Par, for, in order to (before infinitives).

Tra, through.

Pri, about, concerning.

Trans, across.

VOCABULARY,

Januaro, January. '

Februaro, February. Marto, March. AprUo, April. Majo, May. Junto, June.

i

JfdiOp July. Augusto^ August. Septenibro, September. OktobrOf October. NovembrOy November. DecembrOp December. Sezono, season. PrirUempOf spring. Someroy summer. Avtunoy autumn. Virdroy winter.

FOB CONVERSATION. . '^

IK malsataa. They are hungry. ^^^"^ ^

Vi estas prava. You are right.

Vi estas tre gentUa, You are very kind.

Kiu estas via opiniof What is your opinion P

Mi estas tre kdera. I am very angry.

Donu al mi vian manon. Give me your hand.

Kiu estas tief Who is there ?

EnirUf Come in.

Fermu la pardon. Close the door.

Kien vi irasf Where are you going ?

Miira^allastaciodomo. I am going to the station.

IK venos la javdon prohsiman. Tbsj will come

Sendu Kn al mi. Send him to ^me.

Kian agon vi havasf How old are jrou ? (What age have you ?).

Kiu estas en la ^ardenof Who is in the garden ? Mi ne sdas. I do not know. Cu vi havas monon? Have you money ? Kiom kostas tivrU canddingof How much does this candlestick cost ?

Read, and translate into English:

La knaboj estas en la gardeno.

La floroj estas sur la tablo.

La knabo estas apud la patro.

Donu al mi la butero.

Mi estas amata de mia patro.

Li legas kun lia frato.

Donu la panon al la knabon preter vL

Hi ludos inter la arboj.

De la patro mi ricevis libron^

Mi ludas kun mia hundo. Write in Esperanto: It is warm during the day. She is in the garden. My sister walks beside me. The children play among the flowers. The river flows through the field. The dog ran across the road.

I look at the flowers in the garden during the summer.

^

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

We play with the boys and the dogs.

She receives the flowers at the door (pordo).

They play among the flowers.

The boy is under the tree.

I have my dog near me.

b

^

LESSON vra.

Adverbs.

Adverbs derived from other words end in «.

Adverbs that are such by nature have no special

ending. The most important of these are:

Adiau, adieu.

Almenau, at least.

AmbaUy both.

Ankau, also.

Apenau, scarcely.

Au, or.

Baidau, soon.

Cianiy always.

Cie, everywhere.

Janiy already.

Kialy why.

Kiam, when.

Kiey where.

Kiorrty how many, how much.

Nuriy now.

Nur, only.

^PreskaUy nearly.

Kid (yn^ whenever.

Treege^ exceedingly.

Cvr-Cuy whether—or.

Ecy even.

lely in some way.

Nenidf in no way.

Janp-ne, no more.

Jen-^eriy sometimes—^sometimes.

Ju pli-des pli, the more—^the more.

JuSy just (now).

Ne, no, not. '

Tvte nCy not at all.

Pluy more.

Neky neither.

Tujy immediately.

Tu] hiarriy then when.

FoTy forth, out.

Tidy thus, so.

Nenicy nowhere.

ICy somewhere.

Ciujarey yearly.

Ciumonatey monthly.

Civtage, daily.

The following simple reading lessons are taken from VAmerika Esperantisto.

Li amas mirty sed mi lin ne amas. Mi volis lin

I

ADVERBS SI

batiy sed li forkuris de mi. Donu al mi vian ncynum. Ne skribu al mi tiajn longajn leterojn. Venualmi hodiau vespere. Mi rahmlos al vi fabelon. Kial vi ne diras al mi la veron. Li estas mia anklo. Petro kaj lia edzino ire aTnas miajn infanofn; mi ankau tre amxis iliajn. Montru al Hi vian novan veston. Mia frato diris al StefanOy ke li lin amas tre mvlte. Mia] fraioj havas hodiau gastojn. Oni ne forgesas facile sian unuan amon. Nun mi legos, vi legas, kaj li legos. Vi skribas, kaj la infonoj skribos. Hierou mi renkontis vian fUon, kaj li salutis min. Antau tri tagoj mi vizitis vian kuzon, kaj mia vizito faris al li plezuron. Kiam mi venis al li, li dormis; sed mi lin vekis.

IN ENGLISH.

He loves me, but I do not love him. I wished to hit him, but he ran away from me. Tell me your name. Do not write me such long letters. Come to me this (to-day) evening. I will tell you a stoiy. Why do you not tell me the truth ? He is my uncle. Peter and his wife love my children veiy much; I also love theirs very much. Show them your new garment. My brother told Stephen that he loves him very much. My brothers have guests to-day. One does not easily forget his first love. Now I Tead» you read» and he reads. You write and the

children write. Yesterday I met your son, and he greeted (saluted) me. Three days ago I visited your cousin, and my visit gave (made to) him pleasure. When I went to him, he slept, but I awakened him.

GenevOy Svisujo, Umuim de Sept., 1906.

La Esperanta (lingvo universala) Kongreso, kiu estas en sidado en Genevo dum unu semajnOy estis tre sukcesplena. La kunveno kunfaris kun tre diversaj ohjektoj. La Rugha Kruco, malebrieco, socialismo, edukadOf paco kaj la sciencoj estis diskiUata en Esperanto. La deligito] de Ameriko estis entusiasmega pri la ebleco] kaj viileco de Esperanto en veturado. Profesoro A. N. Grillony de FUadelfio, kaj Profesoro Huntington, de Harvardo, ageme partoprenis en la diskutadoj. La Esperanta Kongreso de 1907 estos tenata en Anglolando.

m ENGLISH.

Geneva, Switzeriand, Sept. 1,1906.

The Esperanto (universal language) Congress, which was in session here for a week, was veiy successful. The convention dealt with extremely varied subjects. The Red Cross, temperance, socialism, education, peace, and the sciences were discussed in Esperanto. The delegates from America

I

Were very enthusiastic concerning the possibilities and usefuhiess of Esperanto in traveling. Prof. A. N. Grillon, of Philadelphia, and Professor Huntington, of Harvard, actively took part in the discussions. The Esperanto Congress of 1907 will be held in England.

LESSON IX.

CONJUNCTIONS.

CoDJUDctioDs always precede verbs, though th^ do not necessarily stand next the verbs.

The following are the chief conjunctions:

Alie, otherwise.

Au, or.

Au-au, either-or.

Uar, for.

De nuriy henceforth.

Dume, meanwhile.

GiSy until, up to.

Jay indeed, in fact.

Key that.

Sey if.

Sedy but.

SfpcvCy consequently.

Tialy therefore.

Neky neky neither-nor.

Doy then, indeed, however.

JuSy just (now).

84

CONJUNCTIONS U

Apenau, scarcely.

Tio, kio, that which (nominative).

Tioy kiony that which (objective).

Tia^ kia such as.

Tia ke, such that.

Tiom, kiom, as many~as.

Tid ke, so that.

Tiam, kiam, then» when.

Se tamen, if however.

NomCy namely.

Ec se, even if.

The following, from the first chapter of Genesis, can be readily translated into English, with the aid of the English version of the selection:

Je la komenco Dio kreis la teron kaj la cielon.

Kaj la tero estis senforma kaj dezerta, kaj mal-lumo estis super la pfroundajo, kaj la animo de Dio sin portis super la akvo.

Kaj Dio diris: estu lumo: kaj farigis lumo.

Kaj Dio vidis la lumon ke gi estis bona, kaj Qomis Dio la lumon tago, kaj la mallumon li nomis nokto. Kaj estis vespero, kaj estis mateno—^unu tago."

Kai Dio diris: estu firmajo inter la akvo, kaj gi apartigu akvon de akvo.

Kaj Dio kreis la firmajon kaj apartigis la akvon

LESSON X.

COMPABISON OF AdJECTTVBS.

Comparison of equality is expressed by tid-kiel^ meaning a^-as. As, Mi estas tiel granda kiel vi, I am as large as you.

The comparative of superiority is expressed by pli-ol, meaning mare-than. As, Mi estas pli granda ol viy I am larger than you.

The comparative of inferiority is expressed by malpli-ol, meaning less-ihan. As, Mi estas malfli granda ol vi, I am less large than you (that is, I am smaller than you).

The superlative of superiority is expressed by

la plej (meaning the most), conmionly used with el

(of, in, amongst). As, Mi estas la plej granda el

duj, I am the largest of all.

The superlative of inferiority is expressed by la malplej (meaning the least), also used with eL As,

Mi estas la malplej granda eliii, I am the least l^rge

among them.

The superlative idea is often expressed by the use

of tre (very). As, Mi estas tre granda, I am very

large.

38

i

. ■" '1

VOCABULABT.

Afriko, Africa.

AmerikOf America.

Australioy Australia.

Azio, Asia.

EuropOy Europe.

Nord Amerikoy North America.

Stula AmerikOy South America.

Unuigitaj Statoj, United States.

Algerioy Algiers.

Anglujo or Anglolando, England.

Bdgujoy Belgium.

BrazUujo, Brazil.

Danujoy Denmark.

Egiptujoy Egypt.

FirdandOy Finland.

Francujo or Francolando, France.

Germanujoy Germany.

Grekujoy Greece.

Hispanujoy Spain.

Holandujoy Holland.

Hungarujoy Hungary.

Hiriujoy China.

Italujoy Italy.

IrlandOy Ireland.

Japanujo, Japan.

Mexikujoy Mexico.

Norvegujo, Norway. Palestmujo, Palestine. Persujo, Persia. Portugalujo, Portugal. Prusujo, Prussia. Rusujo, Russia. SkoUando, Scotland. Svedujo, Sweden. Svisujo, Switzerland. Turkujoy Turkey.

Read, and translate into English: La knabo estas pK granda ol la hundo. La arbo estas tie granda. Mia patro est la plej bona el ciuj. La pano estas blanka sed la lakto estas pli blanka. Mia frato estas malpli rica ol mi.

La supo esta pli bona ol la fiso.

A PRATER IN ESPERANTO.

Tial vi devas pregi tiamaniere. Patro nia kiu estas en la cielo, via nomo estu sanktigata.

Via r^no venu. Via volo forigu sur la tero, kiel gi estas en la cielo.

Nian panon ciutagan donu al ni hodiau.

Kaj pardonu al ni niajn kulpojn, kiel ni pardonas al niaj pulpuloj.

k

Kaj ne konduku nin en tenton, sed savu nin de la malbono; car via estas la r^no, kaj la forto, kaj la gloro en etemeco. Amen.

THE PRATEB IN ENGLISH.

After this manner, therefore, pray ye: Our Father which art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name.

Thy kingdom come. Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven.

Give us this day our daily bread.

And forgive us our debts, as we forgive our debtors.

And lead us not into temptation, but deliver us from evil: for thine is the kingdom, and the power, and the glory» forever. Amen.

LESSON XI.

Numerals.

cardinals.

The numbers from 1 to 10 are: UnUy 1; dw, 2; tri, 3; kvar, 4; kviriy 5; seSy 6; sep^ 7; ok, 8; naUy 9; deky 10.

One hundred is cent; 1,000, mil.

The tens and hundreds are formed by adding the proper prefix to the words for ten or one hundred: Deky 10; dvdeky 20; trideky 30; kvardeky 40; kvindeky 50; sesdeky 60; sepdek, 70; okdek, 80; naudeky 90; c^n<, 100; ducenty 200; kvarcent, 400; naticen^, 900.

Numbers between 10 and 1,000 are formed thus: Dek-triy 13; dek-ses, 16; kvardek-ok, 48; sepdeh-Awn, 75; okdek-du, 82; naucent sepdek-ses, 976; miZ naucent ses, 1906.

NUMERALS FROM 1 TO 100.

?7ww jfiTt^ar Sap

Dw jfiCwn Ok

Tri Ses Nau

42

k

NUMERALS

43

Dek

Dek-unu

Dek-du

Dek'tri

Dek'kvar

Dek'kvin

Dek'Ses

Dek'Sep

Dek'Ok

Dek-nau

Dvdek-unu

Dvdek-du

Dvdek4ri

Dvdek'kvar

Dvdek-kvin

Dndek'Ses

Dvdek'Sep

Dvdek'Ok

Dudek-nau

Tridek

Tridek-unu

Tridek-du

Tridek-tri

Tridek'kvar

Tridek-kvin

Tridek'Ses

Tridek'Sep

Tridek'Ok

Tridek-nau

Kvardek

Kvardek-unu

Kvardek-du

Kvardek-tri

Kvardek-kvar

Kvardek-kvin

Kvardekses

Kvardek-sep

Kvardek'Ok

Kvardek-nau

Kvindek

Kvindek-unu

Kvindek'du

Kvindek-tri

Kvindek'kvar

Kvindek'kmn

Kvindek'Ses

Kvindeksep

Kvindek-ok

Kvindek-nau

Sesdek

Sesdek-unu

Sesdek-du

Sesdek-tri^

Sesdek'kvar

Sesdek'kvin

Sesdek-ses

Sesdek'Sep

Sesdek'ok

Sesdek-nau

Sepdek

Sepdek'Unu

Sepdek-du

Sepdek'tri

Sepdek'kvar

Sepdek-kvin

Sepdekses

Sepdek-sep

Sepdek-ok

Sepdek-nau

Okdek

Okdek-unu

Okdek-du

Okdek'tri

Okdek'kvar

Okdek-kvin

Okdek-ses

Okdek'Sep

Okdek'ok

Okdek-nau

Naudek

Naudek'Unu

Navdek-du Navdek-kvin Navdek-ok Naudek'tri Naudekses Naudek-nau Naudek-kvar Naudek-sep Cent

ORDINALS.

Ordinals are formed from the corresponding cardinals by adding a. If the cardinal is composed of more than one number, a is added to the last nian-ber only.

Ordinals follow the rules of adjectives as to number and case. Cardinals undergo no change.

Write in Esperanto:

14, 27, 36, 4, 278, 305, 16, 6, 748, 862, 1974, 55, 90, 700, 481, 532, 21, 16, 6, 60, 600, 6000, 666, 66, 92, 85, 71, 17, 171, 1711, 161, 293, 477, 683, 34, 43.

Write in numerical form:

Dudek-unu, dek-ses, dek-du, sepcent okdek-unu, tricent naudek-kvin, mil naucent, sepdek-tri, tridek-nau, dek, kvar, okdek-du, kvinmil naucent okdek-du, sepdek-unu, kvincent, sepdek-kvin, dek-du, dek-sep, sepcent dek-du.

Read the following letter in Esperanto, then translate into English, comparing your own translation with that given below.

k

ESPERANTO.

Kara Sinjoro:

Mi ankorau ne estas membro de ia klubo, sed mi espera^t Ice mi baMau estoa tia, car mi jam skribis al pri la afero.

Bonwdu sdigi al mi^ per la " Gazeto/* man opinion pri la grado de kapdbleco mxmtrata de iiu ci letero, ankau cu la letero eetas komprenebla por alilandiUo. Afable pardonu la erarojn de lemarUo.

translation.

Dear Sir:

I am not yet a member of any club» but I hope that I soon shall be one (such), for I have written to on the subject.

Kindly let me have, through the ''Gazette/' your opinion as to the degree of capability which this letter shows, also whether the letter is understandable to a foreigner. Kindly pardon the mistakes of a learner.

i

LESSON xn.

Special Rxtles.

ELISION.

The letter a of the article la may be elided. As La gardeno de Vmastro^ The garden of the master, (or, the master's garden).

Sometimes the o of nouns in the singular is elided.

Elision is never obligatory.

INTERBOGATION.

Cu is the sign of interrogation. As, Cu vi kanta^f Do you sing?

Cu is also used m indirect questions, in the sense of whether.

DIRECTION.

In answers to questions introduced by Kie (where), used to express direction, the word or words must be put in the objective case. As, Kien vi irasf Where do you go? (or. Where are you going?) Mi iras Berlinony I am going to Berlin.

USE OF THE ABnCLE.

The article in Esperanto is never used before proper names. As, Nov-Jorko estas gfanda. New York is large.

46

\ •*■■

The following is a translation into Esperanto, of the well-known poem "The Raven," by Edgar Allan Poe. The Esperanto version was made by D. H. Lambert.

LA KORVO.

Unufoje je noktmezo, dum premate per la pezo De mondzoi^oj mi tralegis mirrakontojn de roman'— Dum dormeme mi legadis, jen ekfrapis kaj frapadis Kvazau sur la cambra pordo frapo de amika man'. "Estaa ia vizitanto, vir*, virino au infan', Cu teran' au cielan'."

Maze de Y Decembra nego, kiam vintro estas rego,

Kaj fajrlum 'gro teskajn ombrojn formas kvazau de

fantom', For ellasi la doloron, kiu siris mian koron, Sopiradis mi Lenoron—^la diin' de mia dom'— Kiu Ic^as kaj logados je eteme en ciel'— Sanktulino kaj angeP.

De teruro kaj de genoj la movad' de 1' silkkurtenoj Min plenigis—^imagajoj de senorda fantazi'; Tial,-malgrau kor' batanta, mi restadis ripetanta: "Pacience atendanta certe estas tiu ci lu vizitanto, kiu, lacigita sur la voj', Min atendas nun kun goj'.

f\/K

Baldau mi pHkuragigis, kaj mi jam ne sanceligis, "Sinjorino, au Sinjoro," diris mi, "pardonu min, Sed dum mia dormetado via dolca pordfrapado Sajnis nura songsonado, kaj mi ne elaudis gin"— Tuj la pordon mi malfermis grandamplekse, kaj sen bru', Jen mallum'—^nenio plul

•t

48 LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

La mallumon esplorante, longe staris mi mirante, Dublin revojn imagante—^revojn kiujn homa kor* Antaurevis jam nenie; sed malhim' profunda tie, Eaj silento, regis cie, krom la son' de Y nom "Lenor*! Tiun nomon mi murmuris, kaj la e£o nur "Lenor'l" Ripetadis kun fervor'I

En la cambron reirante, je spirito tremegante, Mi frapadon pli bruigan audis. "Certe, tio/' mi * Diris, "Venas de Y ekstero, lasu do al mi en vero Min de tiu ci mistero liberigi, por ke gi Cesu mian korbatadon rapidigi; mia sent' Diras, 'Estas nur la vent'.'"

Mi malfermis la fenestron, kiam, malsatante 1' e8troii» Jen majesta korv' enpasis el la sankta estintec'l £ri sen ia vort' saluta, sed restante ciam muta, Kun mieno absoluta, lau la mod' de 1' antikvec', Metis sin sur la skulptitan buston de 1' diin' Palas', Portintino de 1' kiras'.

Kaj de 1' monstra bird' la yido pleniganta min je rido» Pro r impona severec' de giaj trajtoj sen kompar*, Diris mi, "Vi, malbelulo, certe estas ne timulo, Kun mien' de altrangulo, noktvaganto de la mar*— Sur Plutona marbordejo kia estas nom' de vi?' "Pluneniam," kriis g^.

Iff

Mi miregis ke mallerta birdo estas tiel sperta, Kvankam la respondo montns birdaj'n pensojn en malord'l 6ar, dum monda historio, cu vidigis iam io Tiel stranga kiel tio—^birdo super cambra pord'— Bird' nomita "Pluneniam," bird' au besto, en la dom'*-Tion vidas kia hom'l

Sed la koTvo, kiu sola sidis, montris sin nevola Pli eldiri—^kvazau tio estus spiro de Tan im'— Plu nenion diri provis, nek ec unu plumon movis, &is diranta min mi trovis, "Sri sendube lau kutim% Kiel la esperoj miaj, morgan flugos for de mi." "Plnneniam," kriis gil

Per respondo surprizita, gustatempe parolita, "Eble tinn vorton lemis gi de sia posedant', Kiun daura malfelico, alligita al malrico, Paris, kiel supenstico, viro kun malgoja kant'/' Diris mi, "pri 'Pluneniam/ lia sola melodi', Kanto de melankoli'."

Sed de 1' nokta bird' la vido plengianta min Je rido. Mi segegon remburitan sovis kontrau V vizitant'; Sur r veluron sidigante, mil da pensoj kunligante, lii restadis pripensante, kion tin parolant', Profetema, monstra, volis diri per nenio pli, 01 ci tin rauka kri'.

Tion restis mi pensante, sed nenion parolante Pro r flamantaj birdokuloj, teruril' al mia kor'; Tion mi konjektadante, mian kapon kusigante Sur r veluron de 1' kusenoj, helaj pro violkolor* Briligita per lamplumo—^kies sur violkolor* Ne kusigos plu Lenor'I

Tiam sajne per parfumo ekdensigis la lamplumo, Dum serafoj paifumilon svingis tra la atmosfer', Kaj tintadis sonoriloj, de feinoj muzikilioj, "Mizerulo, incitiloj," mi ekkriis, "al esper'

Jen de via Di' ceestas—estu tial pri Lenor' Forigita la memor'."

"Ho profeto pri malbono—^vi„ cu birdo ou demono, 6u Satano au blovego de V infer* vin sendis for. Sola, sed netimigita, sur ci tiu malbenita Dezertlando ensorcita, dim/' petis mi kun plor', "Kiam mi konsolon trovos? diru. dim nun si mL "Pluneniam," kriis gil

"Ho profeto kri malbono—^vi, cu birdo au demono, Je la ciopova Dio—^tem' de nia altador'— Dim al mi kortusita, cu en paradiz' benita Sanktulinon mi ravita (kiun la angela &or' Eantaa je la nom' Lenoro) cirkauprenos, dim vil" "Pluneniam," kriis gil

"Estu tio signaldiro," mi ekkriis, "de foiiro^— Im for al la blovego, la Plutona noktmarbord', Ne ec unu plum' restadu, ke gi min memorigadu, Ne mensogojn plu diradu, for de mia cambra pord' Prenu vian formon, vian bekon for de 1' kor' de mil" "Pluneniam," kriis gil

Eaj la korvo, ne flirtante, restas ciam sidadante Sur la pala Palasbusto super pord' de mia cambr*, Eaj gi havas pro malbono elrigardon de demono, Eaj sur blankon de 1' plafono falas gia nigra ombr" Eaj eligos el la ombro—^fonto de spiritdolor'— Pluneniam mia kor'l

^

LESSON xm.

Formation of Words.

In signifies the feminine gender. As, knabOf boy; knabino, girl. Patro, father; patrino, mother.

An signifies a member or inhabitant. As, Amen-ko, America; Amerikano, an American. VUago, a village; vUaganOy a villager.

E] shows the place where anything occurs. As, Kuiri^ to cook; kuirejoy kitchen. Lemi, to learn; lemejoy school.

Ec indicates an abstract quality. As, Bela^ beautiful; helecoy beauty. Amika^ friend; amikeco, friendship.

Write in English, with the aid of the word lists, the following:

Gxeno, grenejo. Dormi, dormejo. Regno, regnano. Arbo, arbejo. Bani, banejo. Bona, boneco.

Bovo, bovino

Sa LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

Buciy bucejo. BurgOy burgeoo. Dankiy dankeoo. Deddiy deddeoo. Dio» dinino. DomOy domano. Cevalo, cevalejo. Europa» Europano. Fianco, fiancino. Finlanda, Finlandano. Heroo, heroino. Hundoy hundejo. Frato» fratino. Justa, justeco. Kapro, kapiino. Kasi, kasejo. Koko, kokino.

PROVERBS.

les devo estas nenies devo. Anybody's duty is nobody's duty.

Cio havas lokon propraUf Hal metu cion en gian propran lokon. Everything has a proper place, therefore put everything into its proper place.

Ciam pripensu anJtau d vi parolas. Always consider before you speak.

^

LESSON XIV.

FOBlfATION OF WOBDS.

{Covdinued.)

Mai, prefixed to a word» denotes the opposite of the original idea. As> bona^ good; maibona, evil; esHmi, to esteem; malestimi, to despise.

Dis^ used as a prefix, denotes separation and dissemination. As» doni, to give; disdoni, to distribute. Semi, to sow; dissemi^ to scatter.

Re is used as a prefix in the sense of the English re^ meaning back or again. As, doni^ give; redoni, give back. Diri, to say; rediri^ to reply.

OCf used as a prefix, denotes persons of both sexes. As, patro, father; gepatrqf^ parents. Sin-jorOf Mr.; gesinjoroj, Mr. and Mrs.

Write in Esperanto, with the aid of the word lists, the following:

Friend, enemy.

Appear, disappear.

Dense, thinly spread.

Thick, thin.

Diligent, n^ligent.

Sleep, watch.

Hope, despair (verbs).

Esteem, despise.

Write in English the following:

Komenci, rekomenci,

Produkti, reprodukti.

Diri, rediri.

Aperi, reaperi.

Mark Antony's Oration. (From Shakespeare^s Jvlius Ccesar,)

Amiko], samlanduloj, kaj Romanoj, A^skultu: mi nur venas, ce Tfunebro Cezara por ceesti, ne lin laudi. Postvivas homojn la malbonaj faroj. La bona] ofte kun la korpo mortas. Pri li do tiel estu! Nobla Bruto Cezaron pensis esti tro glorama. Se vere, gi makul' terura estis, Kaj terurege li senmakuligis; Nun. kun permeso de la Brutanaro, Car Bruto estas honorinda homo— Kaj ili ciuj estas honorindaj— Ce la funebro lia mi parolos. Amiko li al nu fidela estis;

^

Sed Bnito diras» ke li tro gloramis, Kaj Bnito estas honorinda homo li portis Romon multe da kaptitoj, Elpago kies la kasegon regnan Plenigis,—Cu gloramon tio montris ? Kun malriculoj ankau li kunploris: Gloramo devus esti pli hardita; Sed Bnito diras, ke li tro gloramis, Kaj li tre honorinda homo estas Vi vidas ke, je Tfesto Luperkala, Trifoje mi al li proponis kronon, Trifoje de Cezaro rifuzitan. Cu tio ci glorama al vi sajnas? Sed Bruto diras, ke li tro gloramis, Kaj Bruto estas honorinda homo. Ne rebatante kion Bruto diris, Mi volas nun sciigi cion, kion Mi scias pri Cezaro—^lin vi mem ' Antaue ne sen kauzo ciuj amis! Do kial lian morton ne bedauri? Sageco! vi enflugis en la brutojn; Senprudentigis homoj!—^Min pardonu, En tiu cerko kusas mia koro; Kaj miy ke gi revenu, devas pauzi.

Translation of Mabk Antony's obation.

Friends^ Romans^ countTymen» lend me your ears;

I come to bury Caesar^ not to praise him.

The evil that men do lives after them,

The good is oft interred with their bones;

So let it be with Caesar. The noble Brutus

Hath told you Caesar was ambitious;

If it were so, it was a grievous fault.

And grievously hath Caesar answered it.

Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest,

(For Brutus is an honorable man.

So are they all, all honorable men)

Come I to speak in Caesar's funeral.

He was my friend, faithful and just to me;

But Brutus says he was ambitious;

And Brutus is an honorable man.

He hath brought many captives home to Rome^

Whose ransoms did the general coffers fill;

Did this in Caesar seem ambitious ?

When that the poor have cried, Caesar hath wept;

Ambition should be made of sterner stuff;

Yet Brutus says he was ambitious;

And Brutus is an honorable man.

You all did see that on the Lupercal

I thrice presented him a kingly crown.

Which he did thrice refuse; was this ambition?

^

Yet Brutus says he was ambitious; And» sure, he is an honorable man. I speak not to disprove what Brutus spoke. But here I am to speak what I do know. You all did love him once» not without cause; What cause withholds you then to mourn for him ? O judgment! thou art fled to brutish beasts^ And men have lost their reason. Bear with me; My heart is in the coffin there with Caesar* And I must pause till it come back to me.

LESSON XV.

Formation of Words. (Cordinv^d.)

1st denotes a person who follows a certain means of livelihood. As, Drogo, a drug; drogisto, a druggist. Kuraciy to heal; kuracistOy a physician.

Ehl indicates possibility. As, Kredi, to believe; credebla, credible. Travidiy to see through; iravi-debla, transparent.

Eg indicates increase of degree. As, Varmat warm; varmega, hoi.

At indicates a collection of what is spoken of. As, Arhoy tree; arbaro, forest. Stupo, step; stuparo, staircase. Write in Esperanto with the aid of the above: Island, archipelago. Tree, forest. Noise, tumult. Large, enormous. Boot, bootmaker. Bend, flerible.

Good, excellent.

58

Part of the Seventh Chapter of Matthew.

Ne jugu, por ke vi ne estu ju^otaj. Car je kia jugo vi jugas, je tia vi estos jugataj, kaj je kia mezuro vi mezuras, je tia vi estos mezurataj. Sed kial vi vidas la spliton en la okulo de via frato, kaj ne rimarkas la trabon en via okulo? Kaj kiel vi povas diri al via frato: Ekhaltu, mi volas tiri al vi la spliton el via okulo? Kaj jen: En via okulo estas trabo. Vi hipokritulo, tiru unue la trabon el via okulo; kaj poste vi povas eltiru la spliton el la okulo de via frato. Vi ne donu la sanktajon al la hundoj, kaj ne for jetu viajn peroljn al la porkoj, por ke tiuj ci ne dispiedobatu ilin, kaj tumu sin kaj dissiru vin.

Petu, tiam estos donata al vi: sercu, tiam estos trovantaj vi; frapu, tiam estos malfermata al vi. Car kiu petas, tiu ricevas; kaj kiu sercas, tiu trovas; kaj kiu frapas, al tiu estos malfermata. Kiu estas inter vi homoj, kiu donus al sia filo stonon, se li petas panon de li? Au se li petas fison de li, kiu donus al li serpenton? Car do vi, kiuj ja estas malbonaj, povas malgrau tio doni al viaj infanoj bonajn donojn; kiom pli multe via patro en la cielo donos ankau bonon al tiuj, kiuj petas lin? Cio do, kion vi volas, ke la homoj faru por vi, tion vi faru ankau por ili: Tio estas la lego kaj la profetoj.

LESSON XVI.

FOBBiATION OF WOBDB.

(Cantimied,)

II denotes the instrument by means of which

something is done. As> HaJci^ to hew; hakilo, an

axe. Kowbiy to comb; kombtlo^ a comb.

Ek denotes the beginning of an action, or fhat H

is of short duration. As, Dormi, to sleep; ebiofmig

to b^in to sleep.

Er indicates one of a collection. As, Paho, dust;

polvero, a speck of dust. Mono^ mon^; tfumero^

a coin.

Ing indicates a holder in which an object belongs.

As, KanddOf a candle; kandelingo, a candlestick.

PlumOy a pen; plumingo, a penholder.

Write in Esperanto, with the aid of the word list:

Finger, thimble.

Sand, grain of sand.

Fire, spark.

Hail, hailstone.

Sing, b^in to sing.

60

^

Lfti]{^» burst out laughing.

Shoot, gun.

Cut,

HOW TO WRITE A LETTER.

A manual of exercises in Esperanto by F. L. 6. Marechal» entitled ''La Tutmonda Lemolibro por Paroli Esperanto/* contains the following instructions for writing a letter:

Mi malfermas la skatolon de papero.

Mi elprenas folion da papero el la skatolo.

Mi sbibas la lokon kaj la daton, Leedso la 25an Novembra, 1906a.

Mi skribas la leteron.

Mi subskribas main subskribon.

Mi faldas la leteron.

Mi metas la leteron en la koverton.

Mi trempas mian fingron en akvo.

Mi trairas per fingro sur la gluo de la koverto.

Mi fervas la koverton.

Mi premas sur la koverto.

Mi skribas la adreson sur la koverto.

Mi skribas kelkajn leterojn.

Mi skribas kelkajn postkartojn.

Mi iras al la postejo.

Mi aSetas postomarkojn.

Mi metas la postomarkojn sur la kovertojn.

Mi metas la postomarkon sur la dekstran angulon de la koverto. Mi metas miajn leterojn en la keston. Mi revenas hejmen.

SELECTION FROM BYRON'b "CAIN.*'

ACT ni. SCENE I.

Dio,

Kreinta nin, en nin blovinta vivon, Vi, nin beninta, pardoninta nin Malgraue nia patra peko, kiu Perdigus ciujn liajn posteulojn, Se via justemeco ne miksigus Kun via favoreco, kiu estas Por vi gojeg', kaj ne elnaskus por ni Pardonon,—^paradizon en komparo Je nia krim'! Sinjoro de la lumo> De bono, gloro kaj de etemeco, Sen kiu cio estas nur malbono> Kun kiu ni ne povas erarigi. Car via voj' neesplorebla nepre Kondukas homojn nur al bona fino, Ho prenu Tunuanaskitajn bestojn De la pastisto tre humila. Vere Ofer' ci tiu estas sensignifa Per si mem; antau vi, Sinjoro, kia

Ofero povas eksignifi ion?— Sed prenu ''in kiele dankodonon De tiu, kiu nun gin metas antau Cielo alta via kaj humile Genuofleksas en la tera polvo, El kiu li por via gloro venis, Por glor' de via nomo je eteme. -Translated into Esperanto by A. Kofman.

LESSON xvn.

FoBlfATION OP WOBOO.

(ConHwued.)

Ai indicates continuation of an aclkm. As,

Pajo^ shot; pafado, firing of mnaketiy. PmSo, m

push; ptModoy a pushing.

r^.^Ar shows a collection of what is named. As*

v^S^upo, step; kuparop staircase. Vorto, wofd; Mr-

^)^ taro» dictionary.

^^ Aj denotes something made of, or haviiq^ Ihe

quality mentioned. As» Fritu to fiy; frilajo^ a fritter. Mola, soft; molojo, the soft part of aayHui^. Et has a diminutive meaning. As, Bifdop a bird; birdeto, a little bird. Ridi, to laugh; rJcbfi^ to smile. Write in Esperanto, with the aid of the wofd Hat: Breathe, breathing. Instruct, instruction. Island, archipelago. Tree, forest. Old, an antique. Laugh, smile.

Stcepf doze. Cold, cool.

SELBCnON FROM DICXXNS^ **CHBIST1CA8 CABaL." •

Tu] kiam li estis tiel dirinta, la Fantomo prenia nan bandagon de la tablo» kaj cirkau^is sdan kapon per gi Idel antaue. Scrooge gin sciis audante la kiakon faratan per la dentoj^ kiam la makzelostoj estis kttnligataj per la bandagb. li kuragis rigardeti ankorauy kaj jen lia viadtanto supematura staiis apud li» kaj la eeno estis ligita cirkau la brako. La aperafo mai^is malantauen for de li kaj je cia pasb la fenestro iom malfermigadis tiel ke, kiam la Fantomo alvenis tien» gi tute malfermigis. Tiam la Fantomo levis sian manon, kaj tuj Scrooge a'^dia bruojn konfuzajn^ kaj sonojn gemantajn de ploro kaj mal^jo. Auskultinte unu momenton, la Fantomo ankau gemegis malgoje, kaj poste malaperia en la nokton funebran.

Scrooge sekvis lin al la fenestro knn esktrema sdvolo. Li rigardis eksteren.

La aero estis plena je fantomoj» tien ci kaj tiea nomadantaj kaj plorantaj senripoze.

Ciuj portis cenojn; neniu estis libera. Scrooge estis koninta multajn dum ilia vivo. Kaj li kom-prenis ke ili estis malgajegaj tial ke ili multe volia helpi la homaron» sed je eteme tia poteoco estis por ilipefdlta.

Fine tiujestajojkaj iliajvocojforigis • • • kaj la nokto rdgis kiel antaue.

Scrooge fermis la fenestron, kaj esploris la pordon kie la fantomo estis enirinta. Gi estis slosita duobl^ Mel li mem gin slosis, kaj la rigliloj estis netusitaj. Li volis diri ^"Sensencajb!" sed haltis ce la unua silabo; kaj tre bezonante ripozon, li ec sin neseor Testigisy li kiisigis kaj tuj ekdormis.

LESSON xvm.

Formation of Words. (Continued.)

C] added to the first letters of a masculine name give it an endearing diminutive meaning. As, MUaehOy Michael; MUZjOy Mike. Patro^ father. pacjOf papa (little father).

For feminine names nj is added instead of cj. As, Heleno, Helen; HelenjOy Nellie.

Edz indicates a married person. As, Edzo, married man; edzino, wife. Doktoro, doctor; doktor-edzino, doctor's wife.

Em denotes a propensity or disposition in a certain direction. As, Krediy to believe; kredema, credulous. Babili, to chatter; babHerruiy loquacious.

Estr indicates a leader or ruler. As, RegnOj state; regnestroy ruler, Lemejoy school; lemejestro, schoolmaster.

SOME SIMPLE POEMS. LA NEGO.

Sian kolon enviante,

Falis nego rapidante,

Sin pli blanka konstatonte; Sed venkita gi tre honte Per r tiea hauto csamo Fluidigis kid lanno.—J. C. R.

TRANSLATION.

The envious snows came down in haste*

To prove her neck less fair* But» when thqr found themselves surpassed.

Dissolved into a tear. — Cowubt.

KTAMANIEBB VIVADI.

Vi, jus naskita, sur genuo sidis

Plorante» dum la ceestantoj ridis:

Tiel vivadu, ke je Tmorta horo

Vi ridu, kaj ce ili estu Tploro. —J. C. R.

TRANSLATION.

On parent knees» a naked new-bom childy Weeping thou sat'st» while all around thee smiled: So live, that, sinking to thy life's last sleep. Calm thou may'st smile, while all around thee weep. —Sir W. Jones, from (he Arable,

A NURSERT RHTBIE.

Eta Manjo Flindre Sidis intercindre; L'etajn piedfingrojn si varmigis. Sin trovis patrineto;

^ ^ Punigis filincio;

Gar si la novan veston malpurigis.

TBANBLATION.

Little Polly Flinders

Sat among the cinders, A-warming of her pretty little toes;

Her mother came and caught her

And whipped her little daughter For spoiling of her nice new clothes.

AN ESPERANTO GAME.

Mr. J. M. Fitty an Englishman, has invented an Esperanto game. It is played with small pieces of cardboard, on each of which is printed an Esperanto foundation root word, as, for example, bon-, venr^ est'9 'i^'^-* pom-, etc. There is a tray containing the grammatical terminations such as -o, -a, -(w, -19, -;, -n, etc. The dealer draws out the root words one at a time from the bag, and lays them on the table. Any player who is able to do so, calls out a phrase of at least two words which can be made from the radicals exposed, with the help of the terminations, and receives the cards which make the phrase.

Thus, using the root words shown above, a player m^ht claim ^^ Viro mangos^** ** bona porno,** or m^ht make the complete sentence, ** Viro mangoi bonan pomon.**

LESSON XIX.

Formation of Words.

(Continued.)

Id indicates a child or descendant, or the young of an animal. As, cevaloy horse; cevalido, colt. Safo, sheep; safido, lamb.

Ind denotes worthiness. As, Estimi, to esteem; estiminda, estimable.

Uj indicates that which contains or produces. As, Porno, apple; pomujo, apple-tree.

Ig shows the causing anything to be in a certain state. As, Morti, to die; mortigiy to kill. Edzo^ married person; edzigi, to marry.

Mosto —^is a title of politeness. As, Rego, king, lia rega mostOy his majesty. Via mosto, your honor.

Ig indicates the action of becoming, or turning to.

As, Ruga, red; rugigi, to blush. Rica, rich; ncigif

to enrich one's self.

70

MI MEM.

RAKONTETA DE BICIKLO.

Ml estas biciklo, kaj ("ne dim gin en Gath") mi apartenas al fraulino.

Kiam unue mi alvenis hejmen, el la fabrikejo, mi brilis per emajlo, mi brilegis per nikelo, kaj, kompreneble mi ne havis makuleton da koto sur miaj radcirkaukovriloj, nek da rustajo sur miaj radietoj.

Mi estis avida por iri, fortega, vigla, elasta» energia, kaj tamen rigida kaj silenta.

Nun, ho, ve! mia kadro bleketas je ciu artiketo, miaj radoj kraketas, miaj radietoj estas ellasaj au ec mankaj, mia nikelo malheligas au forestas, emajlo, selo, kaj ilsaketo, ciuj estas eluzitaj.

Mi alvenis hejmen en la frua parto de la nova jaro. Mi ja estis novjara donaco por mia juna mastrino.

Kiel zorge si kutimis min senpolvigi post ciu rajdo, kaj visi la plej malgrandan makuleton da malseko for de mi, por ke mi ne montru la unuan plej etan signon de rustajo.

Hodiau mi staras ekstere, post la domo malpura tiel, kiel mi revenis hejmen de cirkaukuro antau unu semajno, dum peza tabulo apogas sin kontrau miaj radietoj, el kiuj cirkau duondekduo mankas.

Unu tagon en Majo, kvin monatojii post mia unua foriio el la fabrikqo» la kuzo de mia magtrino sin vizitisy kaj vidante, ke mi apogas min kontrau la muro» komencis min smrigardi.

" La antaua rado ire ellasigis/' li diiis.

'"Ho! cu vere/' estis la respondo. ^'Cu ^ forvenos?"

Eble si pensis ke mi estas dento! Sed Hencjo, la kuzo» ekmontris al mia mastrino kiel mi kraketis en la forko]» kaj li aminde koiektis min. Plie, li altlevis de la tero mian malantauan radon» kaj, metante sian piedon sur la pedalon, igis n4[>id^ tumigi la radon.

*' Nu!" li ekkriis, *' tio ci bezonas» ke oni oku gin.*'

""Ho! Cu bicikloj do bezonas oleadon?*' estis respondo. *' Kie oni metas gin ?** Kaj, efektive, mi jam antaue soifis, pro seka kurado dum pli ol kvar monatoj!

Nu! mitrinkegisfine»kaju]:gemiginbezonis;sed plu devis okazi.

Hencjo diris» ke io estas malorda je la malsupra artiko.

*' Kiom pli estas malorda, kaj kion ajn vi intencas per * malsupra artiko' ?''

'" Nu," diris Hencjo, kaj li daurigis klarigante pri konusetoj, globetoj, globeikurejoj, k. t. p.

Sed mia mastrino, mi bedauras diri» evidente

malestimis cion ci» kaj ne bonvolis respond! al la rimarko] de Hencjo» krom diri al li» ke se si ne multe sdas pri bicikloj» estJs tre malaminde ce li sin moki, kaj diri al si, ke oni faras biciklojn per kotono kaj pingk)]!

(Si nur dube audis ** koteraj pingloj'' [cotter pins].) Oni malofte min rajdas nunc. Mi kutimis star! en vestiblo, sed antau ne longe mia hejmo estis en kelo.

Unu tagon mi audis mian mastrinon dii:! al amikino kiu vizitas sin por sva inviti bicikliri, ** Ho! la mal-novajo bezonas, ke oni gin purigu» kaj sveligu gin,

kaj Ho! enuo! ni iru rigardadi la butikojn!'*

% % % %

Anonco sur jumalo por biciklistoj: ''Biciklo de sinjorino vendebla, malkare. Posedanto forlasanta rajdi. Sin iumu al, k. t. p."

—£. J. FooES, in The British Esperantiri.

LESSON XX.

CORRELATTVE WOBDS.

C prefixed to an ending gives it a distributive or collective force.

K prefixed gives a word an interrogative or relative meaning.

I prefixed gives a demonstrative meaning.

Ne prefixed indicates negation.

Words Denotinq Quality.

la —some kind of, any kind of.

Cia —each, every, every kind of.

Kia —^what kind of, what a.

Nenia —^no (such), no kind of.

Tia —such kind of, such a.

Words Denotinq Motive.

Idl —for any cause or reason, for some cause or reason.

Cial —for every reason, for all reasons.

Kial —for what reason, why.

Nenial —for no cause, for no reason.

Tial —^therefore.

WoBDs Denoting Time. lam —ever, any time, some time.

Ciam —^for all time, always.

Kiam —^at what time, when.

Neniam —^never.

Tiam —^at that time, then.

WORDS DENOTING PLACE.

le —^anjrwrhere, somewhere.

Cie —everywhere.

Kie —^in what place, where.

Nenie —^nowhere.

Tie —^in that place, there.

WORDS DENOTING MANNER.

lel —some way, somehow, anyway. del —every way, all ways. Kiel —^how, in what way. Neniel —^no way. Tiel, thus, in that manner, so.

WORDS DENOTING POSSESSION.

les —^anybody's, somebody's. Cies —every one's, each one's' Kies —^whose.

Nenies —^no one's, nobody's. Ties —^that ona's, such a one's.

WORDS DENOTING THING.

lo —something, anything.

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

B

Baldau, soon.

Banejo, bathing establishment. Bani, to bathe. Bati, to beat.

BedaUri, to regret, lament. Beko, beak. Beta, beautiful. Bdeco, beauty. Bdujo, Belgium. Bduio, a b^n. Beni, to bless. Berlino, Berlin. Bezoni, to want. Bidklo, bicycle. Birdo, bird. Blanka, white. Blanko, white (a color). Bhvi, to blow. Bona, good. Boneco, goodness. Bonvolu, kindly. Bordo, bank. Bovino, cow. BovOf ox. BrazUujo, Brazil. BrUegi, to be resplendent. BrUi, to shine. Brtit, to make a noise. Brido, Brutus. Biicejo, slaughter-house. Brici, to slaughter. Burdeco, freedom of a city. Burgo, a civilian. Bu8to, bust. BtUero, butter. BtitikOf shop, warehouse.

Candelingo, candlestick. CeliftOBmL

Cent, hundred. Cezaro, Caesar. Cifero, cipher, numerical

figure. Cigaro, cigar. Cikonio, stork. Cindro, ashes.

Cirkonstanco, circumstance. Civilazacio, civilization.

Cambra, chamber (adj.).

Cambro, room, chamber.

dapelo, hat.

dapo, fur cap.

Car, for.

Carma, charming, delightful.

Carpenti, to do carpenter-ing.

Ce, at.

Ce — esti, to be present at

Cerko, coffin.

Cesi, to leave oflf.

Cevalejo, stable.

Cevalo, horse.

dt, the nearest.

Ctam, alwajrs.

Cie, everywhere.

Cielo, heaven, sky.

Cikani, to cavil.

Cio, all.

Ciopova, almighty.

Cirkau, round, about.

Cirkaupreni, to embrace.

Ciw, each, every, all.

Ciufare, yearly.

k

VOCABULARY

79

Ciumonate, monthly. &itU€tge, daily. Cokolado, chocolate. Cu, sign of interrogation. Cu — cu —whether, or.

D

Da, of (after words of number, weight, etc.)

Dankeco, tnankfulness.

Danki, to thank.

Danujo, Denmark.

Daun, to continue.

Daurigi, to continue something.

De, of.

De nun, henceforth.

Decembro, December,

Decideco, decision.

Decidi, to decide.

Dek, ten.

Deligito, delegate.

Demono, demon.

Densigi, to condense.

Denta, notched.

Dento, tooth.

Devi, ought, must.

Devo, duty.

Dezerta, desert, waste.

Dezerto, desert.

Deziri, to wish, desire.

Dimanco, Sunday.

Dinino, goddess.

Dio, God.

Diri, to say.

Disdoni, to distribute.

Diskutado, discussion.

Diskuti, to discuss.

Dispecigi, to undo, tear to pieces.

Dissemi, to scatter.

Diveraa, varied.

JDo, Uierefore, consequently. Dolca, sweet. Dolori, to ache. Doloro, pain, ache. Domano, one belonging to

the bouse. Domo, house. Donad, to make a gift. Donaco, present, gut. Doni, to give. Dormatado, napping. Dormi, to sleep. Dri, three. Drogisto, druggist Drogo, drug. Du, two. Dua, second. DiM, to doubt Dum, whne, during, Dume, meiinwhile.

E

Eble, perha]^s. Ebleco, possibility, Ec, even. Ec 86, even if. Edinburgo, Edinburgh. Edukado, education. Edzino, wife. Efektiva, effective. Egiptujo, Egypt

Eho, echo.

Eksplodi, to explode. Ekater, outside, besides. Ekatere, outwardly. Ekstero, the outside. El, out of, from among. Elasta, elastic. Elekti, to choose. Elpenainto, inventor. Emajlo, enamel, ^n^in.

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

Eniri', to come in. Energia, enei^etic. Entusiaamega, enthusiastic. Eraro, error, mistake. Esperanta, Esperanto (adj.) Esperanto, Esperanto

(noun). Esperi, to hope. Espero, hope. Esplori, to explore. Esti, to be. Estimi, to esteem. Estro, chief. Eukaristo, Eucharist. Europa, European. Europe, Europe. Europano, European. EviderUa, evident.

F

Fadla, esLsy.

Facile, easfly.

Fajro, fire.

Fall, to fall.

FamUio, family.

Fantazio, zeal, fervor.

FarUomo, specter, ghost.

Fari, to make, do.

Farigi, to become.

Farmi, to farm.

Faro, act, deed.

Fehruario, February.

Feino, fairy.

FeliZa, happy.

FeWega, blessed, most.

Fenestro, window.

Fermi, to close.

Fervoro, zeal, fervor.

Festo, feast.

Fiancino, betrothed (feminine).

Fianco, betrothed (masculine.)

Fidela, faithful Fidi, to rely upon. Filadelfio, PhiUdelphia. Filo, son. FiUri, to filter. Fingro, finder. Fini, to finish. FirUanda, Finnish. Finlandano, a Finn. Finlando, Finland. Fiso, fish.

Firmajo, firmament. Flami, to be bumiog. Flanko, side. Flava, yellow. FliHi, to flit about, flutter,

flirt Floro, flower. Flvfli, to fly. Fojo, occasion, tima Folio, leaf. Fonto, spring. For, forth, out Forgesi, to forget Forigi, to do away with. Foriri, to go away. Forko, fork. Formi, to i^ape. Formo, shape, form. Porta, strong. Forto, power, force,

strength. Francokindo, France. Francujo, France. Frapado, knocldng. Frapi, to knock. Frapp, a knock. Fratino, sister. Frato, brother. FreSa, frc«^. Fumi, to smoke. Funebro, mourning, Funkcio, function*

k.

VOCABULARY

81

Gado, cod-fish. Gajni, to gain. Gajno, profit Galono, gold lace. Galopi, to gallop. Gardeno, garden. Gardisto, keeper, guard. G(i8to, guest. Geneva, Geneva. Gepatroi, parents.. Gennana, German. Germanujo, Germany. GimnaatiJca, gymnastic. Glacio, ice. GlcUa, even, smooth. Gloheto, globule. Gliti, to slide. Gloro, glory. Grado, degree. Granda, large. Gratulo, congratulations. Grekujo, Greece. Grenejo, granary.

Grenoej, com.

6

Gentila, kind.

Generala, general.

GermOf germ.

5t, it.

dia, its.

&ibo, hump, bump.

die, up to, until.

Gojo, joy.

Gui, to enjoy.

&u8ta, just, exact.

trustatempe, opportunely.

Halii, to stop. Havi, to have. Hejsto, stoker. Hela, bright, clear. Helpi, to nelp. Heroino, heroine. Heroo, hero. Hierau, yesterday. Hispanujo, Spain. Historio, history. Ho, ohj

Hodiau, to-day. Holandujo, Holland. Homa, human. Homaro, mankind. Homo, human being. Horo, hour. HorloQo, clock. Hundejo, kennel. Hundo, dog. Hungarujo, Hungary.

Hinujo, China. iloro, choir.

lam, as in.

le, somewhere.

/eZ,'in some way.

les, somebody's, anybody's.

Hi, they.

Ilia, their, theirs.

Imagi, to fancy.

Imponi, to impose.

IncUi, to incite.

Infano, child.

Infero; hell, inferno.

/n^er, between, among.

IrUeresa, interesting.

I

«t

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

IrUemacia, international. lo, something. Iri, to go. Irlando, Ireland. Italujo, Italy.

Ja, indeed, in fact.

Jako, round jacket.

Jam, already, as yet.

Jam-'ne, no more.

JantLaro, January.

Japana, Japanese.

Japanujo, Japan.

JarOf year.

Jattdot Tuesday.

Je, a linking preposition without any special meaning.

Jen, behold.

Jenrjen, sometimes—sometimes.

Jugi, to judge.

JvUo, July.

Juvli — des pli, the more— the more.

Juna, young.

Jungi, to harness.

Junio, June.

Junuloy youth.

Justay just, right.

JuatecOf righteousness.

J

Jaluza, jealous. Jaudo, Thiirsday. Jeti, to throw. ^onglh to juggle. Jurnalo, newspaper. 3u8, just (now).

Kadro, frame.

Kafo, coflfee.

Kai, SJid.

KcueSo, carriage.

KcUkuli, to calculate.

Kampo, field.

Kanti, to sing.

Kanto, song.

Kapableco, capability.

KapOf head.

Kaprino, she-goat.

Kapro, goat.

Karbo, coal.

KasejOf hiding-place.

KaSif to hide.

Kdtizit to cause.

Kauzo, cause.

£e, that.

Jfeifce, some, afew.

Kelkia, some.

Kelo, cellar.

Kia, what kind of, what

sort of. KM, whv, wherefore. Kiam, when. Kie, where. Kien, when. Kiea, whose. Kiom, how many, how

much. Kiraso, armor. Kiu, who, which, that Kluho, club. Knahino, girl. Knaho, boy. Kokino, hen. Koko, cock. Kolera, angry. Komend, to begin. Komenco, banning. Komerca, commercial.

VOCABULARY

8S

Kompari, to compare.

Komprenebla, comprehensible.

Komprent, to understand.

KonaukantOf conductor.

KonduH, to lead.

Konfidi, to confide.

KonqreaOt congress.

Kom, to know.

Konjekti, to conjecture.

Konsoli, to comfort, console.

Konstruif to construct.

Kontrati, against, towards.

Konvinki, to convince.

Kora, hearty.

Kordo, chord (of music).

Korekti, to correct.

Korespondctdi, to correspond.

Koro, heart.

Korpe, in body.

Korto, courtyard.

KorOf raven.

Koto, mud.

Kovri, to cover.

Kovrilo, cover.

Kraketi, to crackle.

Kredi, to believe.

Xrei, to create.

Kremo, cream.

Kreto, chalk.

Krii, to cry.

Krio, cry.

Krom, except.

Krone, crown.

Kriico, cross.

Kuirejo, kitohen.

Kuiri, to cook.

Kulpo, fault.

i^t^n, with.

^i^nZtgt, to tie together.

Kunfari, to desJi with.

Kuraci, to heal. XuraSisto, a physician. Kurso, course. Kuseno, cushion. Kti^, to be lying down, Kuzo, cousin. Kviimi, to get used to. Kvankam, although. Kvazau, as if , as it were. Kvar, four. Kvin, five.

Ira, the.

Laboristo, laborer. Ladgi, to tire. JLakto, milk. Last, to leave, let go. Ldu, SLCCordixig to. Laudi, to praise. Legi, to read. Lernejo, school. Lerni, to learn. Letero, letter. Lem^i, to rise, get up. Li, he. Lta, his.

Liberigi, to free, deliver. I*i6ro, Dook. Ligi, to tie. Lingvo, lan^age. Lisabono, Lisbon. Logado, domicile. Loko, place.

Lokomotivo, locomotive. Longa, long. Longe, for a long time. Ludi, to play. Lumo, light. Lundo, Monday.

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

Madrido, Madrid. Majetta, majestic. Maio, May. MakiUi, to soil, stain. Makido, spot, stain. MaUimi, to cune. Malbona, bad. Malbono, evil. iSalebrieco, temperance. Maljermi, to open. MaigraH, in spite of. Malheli^i. tfl become dark. Mallerta, awkward Mallumo, darkness. MalmuUa, little, not much. Malpli, less.

MaljniTa, unclean, dirty. MalriSi, poor. MtUHculo, poor man. MaSati, to disdain. Maniero, manner, way. Mahati, to be hungry. ManSaJQ, food. Mar^i, to eat. Manko, want. Jf ano, hand. Jlfardo, Tuesday. Afaro, aea. Mar'H, to march, walk oi

foot. Marto, Harcb. Masinialo, machinist. SSaSino, machine. Ma&lTino, mistress. Mtutro, master. Mdftfno, monung. Jlf ejlo, mile.

Melankolio, melancholy. Melodio. melody. Mem, self, selves. Memori, to remember.

ISemaro, remembrance. Mmaogi, to li«^ tdl irtiat ii untnie.

Mcrkredo, Wednesday Meii, to place. Metio, handicraft. Meidkujo, Mexico. Meze, moderately. Mezuri, to measure. Mezuro, roeaaure. Mi, 1, me. Afto,my.

Mieno, appearance, mltai. Mil, thousand. MinuUi, minute. Miri, to wonder, Mirigi, to astonish. Mistero, mysteiy. Mizendo, wretch. Mola, soft. MamejUo, moment. Monato, month. Morula, mundane. Mondo, world. Mono, money, Monstra, unnatural. Monttro, monst^. Monlo, mountain. MontTx to show. MorgaU, to-morrow. MoTti, to die. Morto, deatb. Moikvo, Moacow. Movado, power of motion. Mvrmuri, to murmur. Miutiko, music.

Naoio, nation, JVa«ib^ to be bom. Nait, nine. Ne, no, not. Neapolo, Naples.

VOCABULARY

85

Ne^o, snow.

Nek, neither.

Nek—nek, neither—^nor.

Nenie, nowhere.

Neniel, in no way.

Neniea, nobody's, no one's.

Nenio, nothing.

Neniu, nobody, no one.

Ni, we.

yfia, our, ours.

Nigra, black.

Nobla, noble.

Nokta, nocturnal.

Nokto, night.

Noktmezo, midnight.

Nombro, number.

Nome^ namely.

Nomi, to name.

Nomo, name.

Nord Ameriko, North

America. Nova, new.

Novemhro, November. NoV'Jorko, New York. Norvegujo, Norway. Nun, now. Nur, only.

Objekto, object.

Odeso, Odessa.

Ok, eight.

Oktohro, October.

Okulo, eye.

Okuvi, to occupy.

01, than.

Omhro, shadow.

Oni, one, they (indefinite).

OnA;^, uncle.

Opinio, opinion.

Ordo, order.

Ovo, egg.

Pacience, patience! Paco, peace. Pflwri, to pay. Pala, pale. Pano, oread. Pavero, paper. Palestinujo, Palestine. Paradizo, paradise. Pardoni, to forgive. Parfumio, perfume. Paroli, to speak. Parizo, Paris. Partopreni, to take part. Pasi, to step.

Pasigi, to pass over, trans-nut. P(Mo, step. Pa^i, to feed. PaStejo, pasture-land. Parolo, word spoken. Patrino, mother. Patro, father. Pauzi to pause. Peco, piece, bit, morsel. Penaao, long endeavor. Pendi, to hang. Peni, to try to, endeavor to. Pensi, to think. Penso, thought. Per, by means of. Permisi, to permit. Permeso, permission. Persona, person. Persti/o, Persia. Pe^i, toseek. Petro, Peter. Pezo, weight. Profundajo, deep (noun). Piede, on foot. Plenigi, to fill up, complete. Plezuro, pleasure. Pli, more.

\

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

Plikuragigi, to become

more courageous. Phri, to shed tears. Plumo, feather. Pluvo, rain. Po, b V, at the rate of. Por, for, in order to. Pordo, door. Porko, hog. Porti, to cany. Portugalujo, Portugal. Posedi, to possess. Post, after. Poste, afterwards. Povi, to be able. Praktikeco, practice. Praktiko, practice. Prava, right Preleri, to prefer. Pregi, to pray. Premi, to i)ress. Premio, prize, reward. Prefer, beside, alongside. r'reskau, nearly. Prezenti, to present, i^ri, concerning. Printempo, spnng. Pripenst, to consider, ^ro, on account of. Produkti, to produce. Profesoro, professor. Profeti, to prophesy. Profunda, deep. Projekto, project. Proksima, next. Promesi, to promise. Propra, own, proper, /'row, to prove. Provincano, provincial. Provizi, to provide. Prwnt^/o, plum-tree. Prusijo, Prussia. Puni, to punish.

i^Gkio, wheel

Itajdi, to ride.

^A;on<i, to relate, tell,

mpideco, rapidity.

^pidege, at fuU speed.

^Migi, to hasten.

JCauka, hoarse, •govi, to enrapture, Recevi, to receive. RefuH, to refuse. Regardi, to look at. ^^no, kingdom, ^^ido, crown prince. Rego, king. -Refo, rail.

^buri, to stuff (as a chair), jceapondt, to respond, ^pondo, answer, response. Kestado, the art of remaining. —«"

i?es<i, to remain. Revi, to dream. Rifa, rich. Ridi, to laugh, ^wfo, laughter. ^ar^di, to contemplate^ nr^ardi, to contemplate. Ripeti, to repeat, ^manco, ballad, song. Romano, Roman. Romo, Rome. Rugha, red. Rvstajo, rust. Rusujo, Russia.

S

Sabato, Saturday. ^ogeco, sagacity. Salajro, salary, wages.

VOCABULARY

8T

X

iSo^, salt.

ScUiUi, to salute.

SaltUo, greeting, salutation. 0

Samlandulo, fellow-citizen.

Sanif to enjoy good health.

Sankta Peterburgo, St. Petersbui^.

Sanktigata, hallowed, sacred, holy.

Sanktulino, female saint.

SatanOf Satan.

Savif to save, deliver.

Scienco, science.

Sciif to know.

Se tamen, if however.

Sed, but.

SegegOf armchair.

Sekundo, second.

Semajno, week.

Semi, to sow.

Sendi, to send.

Sen, without.

Sendube, without doubt.'

Senforma, formless.

Sentit to feel.

Sentimentala, sentimental.

Sento, feeling.

Sep, seven.

Septembro, September. ;

Serafo, seraph.

Serci, to search.

Serpento, serpent.

Ses, six.

Sever eco, severity.

Sezono, season.

Sia, his. -w

Sidi, to sit, be perched. ^

Sidado, session.

Sidi^i, to sit down.

Signaldiro, pass word.

Silento, silence.

Sikve, consequently. Simpla, simple, single. Sinjorino, Madam, Mrs., lady.

SinjoTo, Mr., sir, gentleman.

Skatolo, small box or case.

Skotlando, Scotland.

Skribi, to write.

SkiUjdi, to carve, sculp-^ ture.

Socialismo, socialism.

Sodeto, society.

Sola, alone.

Soldato, soldier.

Somero, summer.

Sorci, to practice witchcraft.

Sperta, experienced. .

Spirito, spirit.

Spiro, breathing.

Staciodomo, stauon.'

Stari, to stand.

Stefano, Stephen. ^

Stranga, strange, peculiar.!

Sub, under. ^

Suda Amertko, South America.

Sufica, sufficient.

Sukerufo, sugar-basin.'

Sukcest, to prosper, to have,

success.. ■ Sukcesplena, successful, v^

Sumi, to make up thej) I amount.' ^

Sumo, sam. \ Super, over, above. ' Superstico, superstitio^

Supo, soup. —•••^

Sur, on, upon.

Surprizi, to surprised

Svedujo, Sweden.

^vi3u/o,^witzerland/][

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

Maio. Majr. Makuli, to soil, stain. MahiUo, spot, stain. MaUieni, to cane. Malbona, bad. Malbono, evil. Malebrieco, temperance. Maljermi, to open. MaigraU, in spite of. MaihelJ^i, to become dark. MalltTta, awkward MaUiimo, darksesa. MalmuUa, little, not much. Matpli, less.

Malpara, unclean, dirty. Malrici, poor. Malricido, poor man. MaSati, to disdain. JV/aniero, manner, way. MaUati, to be hungry. ManSajo, food. M onji, to eat. Manko, want. Jlf ano, hand. Jtf Qr(io, Tuesday. Maro, sea. UorSi, to inarcb, walk on

foot Mario, March. Masinisto, maehiniet. MaSino, machine. Mastrino, jnistresa. Mtatro, master. MtOeno, morning. Meflo, mile.

Meiankolio, melancholy. Melodio, melody. Mem, self, selves. Memori, to remember.

iSemiyro, remembrance. Menso^i, to lie, tell irtutt is

untrue. Mcrkredo, Wednesday Meti, to place. Metio, handicraft. Mcxikujo, Mexico. Mere, moderately. Jftturi, to measure. MatuTo, measure. Mi, I, TOO. Afia,my.

Mieno, appearance, mien. Mil, thousand. Miniito, minute. Miri, to wonder. Mirigi, to astonish. Mistero, mystery. Miterulo, wretch. Mola, soft. MomerUo, moment. Monato, month. Monda, mundane. Mondo, world. Mono, money Monttra, unnatural Monstro, monster. Monto, mountain. Montri to show. MoTQau, to-morrow. Morii, to die. Morto, death. MoMkvo, Moscow. Movado, power of motion. ., r^

Miuibo, music.

Undo, nation. Naaki^i, to be bom. Nait, nine. Ne, no, not. Neapolo, Naples.

VOCABULARY

85

Nego, snow.

Nek, neither.

Neh — nek, neither—^nor,

Nenie, nowhere.

Neniel, in no way.

Nenies, nobody's, no one's.

Nenio, nothing.

Neniu, nobody, no one.

Ni, we.

y^ia, our, ours.

Nigra, black.

Nobla, noble.

Nokta, nocturnal.

Nokto, night.

Noktmezo, midnight.

Nombro, number.

Nome, namely.

Nomi, to name.

Nomo, name.

Nord Ameriko, North

America. Nova, new.

Novemhro, November. NoV'Jorko, New York. Norvegujo, Norway. Nun, now. Nur, only.

Ohjekto, object.

Odeao, Odessa.

Ok, eight.

Oktohro, October.

OktUo, eye.

Okuvi, to occupy.

01, than.

Omhro, shadow.

Oni, one, they (indefinite).

OnA;^, uncle.

Opinio, opinion.

Ordo, order.

Ovo, egg.

Pacience, patience! Paco, peace. Pflwri, topay. Pcua, pale. Pano, oread. Pavero, paper. Paleatinujo, Palestine. Paradizo, paradise. Pardoni, to forgive. Parfumio, perfume. Paroli, to speak. Parizo, Paris. Partopreni, to take part. PaU, to step.

Pasvp^ to pass over, transmit. Pa^o, step. Pa^ti, to feed. PaStejo, pasture-land. Parolo, word spoken. Patrino, mother. Patro, father. Pauzi to pause. Peco, piece, bit, morsel. Penado, long endeavor. Pendi, to hang. Peni, to try to, endeavor to. Pensi, to think. Penso, thought. Per, by means of. Permisi, to pennit. Permeso, permission. Persono, person. Persujo, I^ersia. Peti, to seek. Petro, Peter. Pezo, weight. Profundajo, deep (noun). Piede, on foot. Plenigi, to fill up, complete. Plezuro, pleasure. Pli, more.

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

Sajne, seemingly,

Sa/rn, to seem, appear.

§anceli, to shi^e.

Sdncdigi, to hesitate.

JSangi, to change, alter.

Sargi, to load, place a burden on.

^argo, burden, load.

Sarki, to weed.

^aumo, froth, foam.

^erci, to joke.

St, she, her.

Sia, her, hers.

SUingo, shilling.

i§tri, to tear.

Snuro, string.

Sovi, to shove.

Spari, to spare.

Stono, stone.

Suldi, to owe.

Sveli, to swell.

Tablo, table. Togo, day.

Temo, subject for discussion. TempOf time. Tern, to hold. ' Tento, temptation. Teo, tea. Tero, earth. TerpomOf potato. Terura, terrible. Terurigi, to render terrible. Tia, such.

Tia —ibto, such as.

Tifd, therefore.

Tiam, then.

Tiam, kiam, then, when.

Tiamantere, such manner.

Tie, there, yonder.

Tid^ihuB.

Tid ke, so that.

Timigi, to frighten.

Timii^, a coward.

TifUi, to jingle, dink.

Tio,that.

Tio^kio, that which.

Tiom-kiom, as many—as.

Tiri, to draw, pulL

Tiro, traction.

Ti%^, that one; tiny; those.

Tiu — ci, this.

Tonibo, grave.

Tra, through.

Traho, beam.

Trajto, feature, trait.

Trcuegi, to read through.

Trans, across.

Tre, very.

Treege, eztremelv.

Tremi, to tremble.

TrepoM, to pass through.

Trinki, to drink.

Tro, too, too much.

Trovi, to find.

Tu/, immediately.

Turkejo, Turkey.

Tumi, to turn.

TiiSt, to touch.

rtit^ne, notatall.

{//o, a receptacle. Universala, universal. Unu, one. UntM, first. Unufoje, once.

I

VOCABULARY

89

UnuigUai Statoj, United

States. UtUaf useful. UtUeco, usefulness. Uzi, to use, employ.

Vagi, to wander. Vagonaro, train. Varma, warm. Vastagi, to spread. Veki, to awaken. Veluro, velvet. Vemdredo, Friday. Vent, to come. Venki, to vanquish, conquer. Vento, wind. Verda, green. Vere, truly. Vero, trutn.

Vespera, of the evening. Vespero, evening. Veato, garment.

Veturado, traveling. Veturi, to go by means of a

vehicle. Veturilo, carriage. VeturOf weather. Vi, you. Via, your. Vidi, to see. Vido, sight, view. Vieno, Vienna. Viladano, villager. VUago, village. Vinagro, vinegar. VirUro, winter. Violkoloro, violet (color). Viola, pansy. Virino, woman. Viro, man. ^ Vizitanto, visitor, Viziti, to visit. Vojado, travel. Vojo, way, road. VoH, to call. Voli, to will, be willing. Volo, wish, wilL

M

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

Conjecture, konjekti. Construct, konstruu Continue, dafiri. Continue something, davr

figi. Convention, konveno. Convince, konvinki. Cook, kuirt. Com, greno. Correct, korekti. Correspond, korespondadi. Courageous (to ^ oecome

more), plikuragagi. Course, kurso. Courtyard, korto. Cousin, kuzo. Cover Tverb), kovrt. Cover (noun), kovrUo Coward, timtdo. Crackle, kraketi. Create, krei. Cream, kremo. Cross, kruco. Crowd, amaso. Crown, krono. Crown prince, regido. Cry (verb), krii. Cry (noun), krio. Curse, malbeni. Cushion, kuaeno.

Dark (to become), malheligu Darkness, maUumo, Death, morti, December, Decembro. Decide, deddi. Decision, deddeco. Deed (act), faro. Degree, graao. Deep (adj.), profunda. Deep (noun), profundajo.

Delegate, ddigiio. Demon, demono, Denmark, Danujo. Deare,degir%, Desert (adj.)» deterta. Desert (noun), dezerto. Die, marti.

Dimension, ampUkw. Discuss^ dUhutiu Discussion, dUkuJtado. Disdain, maUoH, Distribute, diBdowL Do, /art.

Do away with, farigu Dog, hundo. Door, pordo. Draw (pull), Hru] Dream, revi. Drink, trinH, Drug, drogo. Druggist, drogiston

E

Eager for, avida. Easily, fcicUe. Easy, facUa. Eat, man§u Each, 8iu.

Echo, eho.

Edinburgh, Edinburgon Education, edukado. Effective, efektiva. Egg, ovo. Egypt, Egiptujo. Eight, ok.

Eitner-or, au~au, *

Elastic, ela^la, ^ Embrace, dirkauprenu Enamel, emajlo. Endeavor to, penu Energetic, enerqia. Enjoy good health* 9ani.

VOCABULARY

93

England, Anghlando. Enrapture, ravi. Enthusiastic, entusias-

mega. Error, eraro. Esperanto (adj.)i Esper^

anta; (noun), Esper-

anto. Esteem^ estimi, Eucharist, Eukaristo. European (adj.), Europa, European (noun), Euro-

pano, Europe,^ Europo. Even, ec.

Even (smooth), glata. Even if, ec se. Evident evidenta. Exact, gusta. Extent, amplekso. Extremely, treege,

P

Fairy, feino. Faithful, fidela. Fall, fall. Family, familio. Fancy, imagi. Farm, farini. Fault, kulpo. Feast, festo. Feather, plumo. Feature, trajto. Feed, pasti. Feel, senti. Feeling, sento. Fervor, fervoro, -Few (a), kelke. Field, kampo. Fill up, pZcnigfi. Filter, fiUri. Finger, fingro.

Finish,/int. Finland, Finlando. Finn, Finlandano. Finnish, Finlanda. Fire, fajro. Firmament, firmajo. First, untta. Fish,^o. Fire, kvin. Flit about, flirti. Flower, floro. Flutter, fliHi. Fly, fltigi. Foam, saumo. Food, mangajo. Foot (on), piede. Force, forto. Forcet, forgesi. Fork, forko. Form, formo. For (because), car. For (m order to), por. Forest, arbejo. Formless, senforma. Four, kvar. Frame, kadro. France, Francolando. Free, liberiai. Freedom of a city, hurgeco. Fresh, fresa. Friday, Vendredo. Friend, amiko. Friendly, arnica, Friendsnip, amikeco. Functions, funkcio. Fur cap, capo.

Gain, gajni. Gallop, galopi. Garden, gardeno. Garlic, ajlo.

^.J.^'UJ..-

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

Garment, vesto. General, generala, Greneva, Geneva, Germ, germo. German, Germana. Germany, Germanujo. Gift (make a), donacL Gift (noun), donaco. Give, doni. Globule, gloheto. Glory, gloro. GoB,t, kapro. God, Dio. Goddess, dinino. Gold lace, galono. Good, bona. Goodness, boneeo. Granary, grenejo. Grave, tombo. Green, verda. Greeting, saluto. Guest» ga^to.

Hallowed, sanktigaia. Hand, mano. Hang, pendi. Hasten, rapidigi. Head, kapo. Heal, kuraci. Hear, audi. Heart, koro. Hearty, kora. Heaven, cielo. Hell, inferno. Help, helpi. Henceforth, de nun. Her, hers, sia. Hero, heroo. Heroine, heroino. Hesitate, %anceligi.

Hide, hasL

Hiding-place, kasejo.

High, aUa.

His, lia.

History, h^orio.

Hoarse, rauka.

Hog, porko.

Holland, Holandujo,

Holy, sanktigaia.

Hope (verb), esperL

Hope (noun), espero.

Horse, cevcUo.

Hour, horo.

House (one belonging to

the), domano. House, domo. How many, how much,

kiom. Human being, fioino. Hundred, cent. Hungary, Hungarujo.

I, mi.

Ice, glacio.

If, se.

If, however, setamen.

Impose, imponi^

In rront of, antaii.

In no way, nenieL

In order to, par.

In some way, teZ.

In spite of, malgraXi.

Instead of, anstataU,

Indeed, je.

Interesting, interesa.

International, intemacia.

Ireland, Irlando,

It, gi.

Its, gia.

Italy, Italujo.

I

VOCABULARY

96

Jacket, jako. January, Januaro, Japan, Japanujo. Japanese, Japana. Jealous, jaluza. Jingle, Hnti, Joint, arteko. Joke, serd. Juggle, jongli. June, Junio. Just (exact), gusta. Just (now), jtts. Just (right), justa.

Keeper, ^ardisto. Kennel, hundejo. Kind, gentUa. Kindly, bonvolu. Kitchen, kuirejo. Knock, frapi. Knockixig, frapado.

Laborer lahoristo. Lament, beda&ri. Language, lingvo. Large, granda. Laughter, rido* Lead, conduki. Leaf, folio. Lean upon, apogi. Learn, lerni. Leave, lasi. Less, malpli. Let go, lasi. Letter, letero. Lie (tell what is not

mensogi. Light, lumo.

true),

Lisbou, lAshono. Listen, auskuUi. Little (not much), mat-

muUe. Locomotive, lokomotivo. Long, Unga, Long time (for a), longe. Love (verb), ami. Love (noun), amo. Lying down (to be), kwi.

H

Machine, maSino, Machinist, ma^inisto. Madam, sinjorlno Madrid, Madrido, Majestic, majeata. Make, fari. Make a noise, bruL Man, viro. Mankind, homaro. Manner, maniero. March (verb), mar si. March (name of month),

Marto. Master, mastro. May, Majo. Measure rverb), mezuri. Measure (noun), mezuro. Melancholy, melankolio. Melody, melodio. Mexico, Mexikujo. Midnight, noktmezo. ^^Mien, mieno* Mile, mejlo. Milk, lakto. Minute, minuto. Mistress, maatrino. Moderately, mezo. Moment, momento. Money, mono. MonstOT, monstro.

-^

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

Month, monata.

Monthly, ciumonate.

More, pli,

Mornixig, tnateno.

Moscow, Moskvo,

Mother, patrino.

Motion (power of), mo-

vado. Mountain, moTito. Mourning, funebro, Mr., sinjoro. Mud, kUo. Mundane, tnonda. Murmur, murmuri. Music, muziko. My, mia. Mystery, mistero.

Name fverb), nomi.

Name (noun), nomo.

Namely, nome.

Napping, donncUado.

Naples, NeapoU).

Nation, nacio.

Near, ajnid.

Neither, nek.

Neither-nor, nek^nek.

New. nova.

New}York, Nov-Yorko.

Night, nokto.

Nine, nau.

No more, iamrne.

Noble, nobla.

Nobody, no one, neniu.

Nobody's, no one's, nenies.

Nocturnal, nokta.

North America, Nord

Amerika, Not at all, tute ne. Not yet, ankoraXi. Notched, denta.

Nothing, nenio. November, Novembro, Now. nt*n. Nowhere, nenie. Number, nomhro. Numerical, figure, cifero.

Object, ohjekto.

October, Oktobro,

Occupy, okupi,

Odessa, Odeso,

OhI Ho.

On, 8ur.

On account of, pro.

On foot, piede.

Once, unufoie.

One, unu.

One, they (indefinite), oni.

Onlyj nur.

Opimon, opinio.

Or, a&.

Order, ordo.

Over, super.

Owe, arddi.

Own (one's), propra.

Ox, bovo.

P

Pain, doloro. Pale, jHila.

Palestine, Palestinujo, Pansy, violo. Paper, papero. Paradise, paradizo* Parents, gepatroi. Paris, Parizo. Pass, wiaigi. Pass through, trepasi. Password, aignaldiro. Patience, pacienco. Pay, pagi.

Ci

it

VOCABULARY

97

Peace, paeo. Perched (be), sidi. Perfume, parfumio. Perhaps, eble. Permission, permeao. Permit, permisi. Persia, Persujo. Person, persono, Peter, Petro, Piece, peco. Pleasure, plezuro. Plum-tree, prunujo. Poor man, malriculo, Portugal, Portugalujo, Possess, posedi. Possibility, ebleco. Potato, terpomo. Power, forto. Practice, praktikeco. Practise, praktiki. Pray, pregi. Prefer, preferi. Present, donaco. Present at (to be), ce^est'L Press, premi. Previous, antd^a. Prize, premio. Produce, produkti. Professor, profesoro. Profit, gajno. Project projekto. Prophesy, profeti. Prosper, sukcesi. Prove, provi. Provide^ provizi. Provincial, provincano, Prussia, Prusejo. Pull, tiri. Punish, ptini. .^

Rail, relo.

Rain, pluvo. Rapidity, rapideco. Read, legi. Receive, recevi. Red, rugha. Refuse, re/u8t. R^ret, bedauri> Rdate, rakonti. Rely upon,/u2i. Remain, resti. Repeat, Hpeti. Respond!, respondi. Response, respondo. Rich, rica. Ride, ridi. Right, jicsta. Rise, levigi, Roman, Romanom Rome, Romo, Round, cirkau. Rust, ruatajo.

Salary, siilairo. Sacred, sanktigata. Sagacity, sageco. Salt, 8CUO, Salutation, saltUo. Salute, saltUi, Satan, Satano. Saturday, Sabato. Save, savi. Say, diri. Scarcely, apenaU Scatter, dissemi. School, Zerne/o. Science, scienco. Scotland, Skotlando. Sculpture, sktUpti. Sea, maro. Search, ser^i. Season, aezono.

LESSONS IN ESPERANTO

Second, dua.

Second (noun), sekundo.

See, vidi.

Seek, peti,

Seenij sajni.

Seemingly, sajne.

Self, mem.

Sena, aendu

Separate, apartigi,

September, Septemhro,

Session, sidado.

Seven, sep.

Severity, severeco.

Shadow, ombro.

She, 8%,

Shake, ^anceli.

Shape, form^.

Shea tears, phri.

Shine, brUi.

Side, flariko.

Sight, vido.

Silence, sUento,

Simple, simpla.

Sing, kanti.

Sister, fratino.

Sit, 8%di,

Sit down, sidigi.

Six, 868,

Sky, cielo. Slaughter, hucL Sleep, dor mi. Slide, gliti. Smoke, fumi. Smooth, ^lata. Snow, nego. So that, tiel ke. Society, aodeto. Soldier, soldato. Soft, mola. Some, kelke. Somebody's, ies. Something, io.

Sometimes-sometimeB, jen^

J8n* Song, karUo.^ Soon, haidau. Soul, animo. Soup, 8upo. Souts America, Suda

Ameriko. Sow, 8emu Spare, apart. Speak, parolu Specter, fantomo. Spirit, 8p%r%to. Spot, makulo. Spring, forUo.

Spring (season), prirUempo. Stable, cevalejo. Stand, stari* Station, 8taciodomo, Step, piuu Stone, 8tono. Strength, forto. String, snuro. Strong, forta. Subject, afero. Successful, 8ukc€8plena. Such, tia, Such-as, tia-kia. Sufficient, suficcL. Sum, 8umo. Summer, 8omero. Sunday, Dimanlco. Superstition, 8uper8tieo. Surprise, 8urpruu Sweden, Sveaujo, Sweet, dott(u Swell, svelu Switzerland, Svisujo.

Table, tahlo.

Take part, partopreni.

VOCABULARY

Tea, tea.

Tear, Hri.

Ten, dek.

Terrible, Untra.

Thank, danki.

Thankfulness, dankeco.

That, ke.

That (pronoun), lio.

That one, (tu.

That which, tw-kio.

Their, ilia.

Then, tiam.

Then-when, tiant-kiam.

There, lie.

Therefore, tial.

They, Hi.

Think, pensi.

This, (tu-ct.

Thought, penso.

Throiwb, ito.

Thursday Jaudo.

Thus, tieL

Tie, (i^.

Tie up, alligili.

Time, tempo.

Tire, lacigi.

Too, too much, (ra

Tooth, dento.

Touch, (usi.

Traction, ttro.

Train, vagonaro.

Trait, iro;o.

Travel, vojado.

Traveling, veturado.

Tree, arSo.

Tremble, (i

Truly,

a,;

Tuesday, Mardo. Turkey, Twkejo. Turn, fumi.

Uncle, onklo. Unclean, rnalpuTa. Undo, dispecigi. Universal, universala. United States, Unuigiiai

Statoj. Use,un. Us^I, vOia. Usefulneea, vtiieeo.

Vanquish, venki. Velvet, veluTo. Very, (re. ^

Vienna, Vieno. '' View, vido. Vill^e, vilago. Villager, vilagano, Viaegai, vinagro. Vmt, viati. Vintor, vititanto.

W

Wait, tUendi. Wander, vagi. Want, manko. Warm, varma. Weather, veturo. Weed, Sarki. Week, aemajno. Wheel, rado. While, dura. What kind of, Mo. When, kiam. Where, kit. White, Uanka. Who, kiu. Whose, kieg. Why, Aiai.

O/